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The availability of performant pre-trained models has led to a proliferation of fine-tuned expert models that are specialized to a particular domain or task. Model MoErging methods aim to recycle expert models to create an aggregate system…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced widespread adoption across scientific and industrial domains due to their versatility and utility for diverse tasks. Nevertheless, deploying and serving these models at scale with optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Josef Pichlmeier , Philipp Ross , Andre Luckow

While showing sophisticated reasoning abilities, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with long-horizon decision-making tasks due to deficient exploration and long-term credit assignment, especially in sparse-reward scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zican Hu , Wei Liu , Xiaoye Qu , Xiangyu Yue , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang , Yu Cheng

Human perception generalizes well across different domains, but most vision models struggle beyond their training data. This gap motivates multi-dataset learning, where a single model is trained on diverse datasets to improve robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Huiyu Zhou , Oscar Mendez , Dacheng Tao , Xuelong Li

Tasks on complex systems require high-precision numerical computation to support decisions, but current large language models (LLMs) cannot integrate such computations as an intrinsic and interpretable capability with existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hengbo Xiao , Jingyuan Fan , Xin Tong , Jingzhao Zhang , Chao Lu , Guannan He

The LLM-as-judge paradigm is increasingly being adopted for automated evaluation of model outputs. While LLM judges have shown promise on constrained evaluation tasks, closed source LLMs display critical shortcomings when deployed in real…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Darshan Deshpande , Selvan Sunitha Ravi , Sky CH-Wang , Bartosz Mielczarek , Anand Kannappan , Rebecca Qian

We propose a novel approach to enhancing the performance and efficiency of large language models (LLMs) by combining domain prompt routing with domain-specialized models. We introduce a system that utilizes a BERT-based router to direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Toby Simonds , Kemal Kurniawan , Jey Han Lau

Large language models have achieved remarkable success in various tasks but suffer from high computational costs during inference, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Wenhao Zheng , Yixiao Chen , Weitong Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Yun Li , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Hongyi Wang , Huaxiu Yao

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications is increasingly limited by their high inference cost. While recent advances in dynamic token-level computation allocation attempt to improve efficiency by selectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Chao Han , Yijuan Liang , Zihao Xuan , Daokuan Wu , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

With the rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains, numerous new LLMs have emerged, each possessing domain-specific expertise. This proliferation has highlighted the need for quick, high-quality, and cost-effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Dimitris Stripelis , Zijian Hu , Jipeng Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Han Jin , Yuhang Yao , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Language Models (LMs) recently incorporate mixture-of-experts layers consisting of a router and a collection of experts to scale up their parameter count given a fixed computational budget. Building on previous efforts indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Stefan Arnold , Marian Fietta , Dilara Yesilbas

Recent work on domain-specific reasoning with large language models (LLMs) often relies on training-intensive approaches that require parameter updates. While activation steering has emerged as a parameter efficient alternative, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wencheng Ye , Xiaoyang Yuan , Yi Bin , Pengpeng Zeng , Hengyu Jin , Liang Peng , Heng Tao Shen

Detecting machine-generated text (MGT) has emerged as a critical challenge, driven by the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) capable of producing highly realistic, human-like content. However, the performance of current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guoxin Ma , Xiaoming Liu , Zhanhan Zhang , Chengzhengxu Li , Shengchao Liu , Yu Lan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures increase large language model scalability, yet their performance depends on the router module that moves tokens to specialized experts. Bad routing can load imbalance and reduced accuracy. This project…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Daniel Fidel Harvey , George Weale , Berk Yilmaz

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approaches have recently gained traction in robotics applications due to their ability to dynamically allocate computational resources and specialize sub-networks for distinct tasks or environmental contexts,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Dmytro Kuzmenko , Nadiya Shvai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the key to scaling modern LLMs, yet little is understood about how their sparse routing dynamics respond to multilingual data. In this work, we analyze expert routing patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Chenyuan Yang , Mohsen Fayyaz , Junlin Hu , Nanyun Peng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have shown strong multilingual capabilities, yet the internal mechanisms underlying performance gains and cross-language differences remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxin Chen , Zhengzhou Cai , Xiangtian Ji , Weixiang Zhao , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

As robots increasingly operate in dynamic human-centric environments, improving their ability to detect, explain, and recover from action-related issues becomes crucial. Traditional model-based and data-driven techniques lack adaptability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Silvia Izquierdo-Badiola , Carlos Rizzo , Guillem Alenyà

An LLM's residual stream is both state and instruction: it encodes the current context and determines the next transformation. We introduce a parameter-free decomposition for Mixture-of-Experts models that splits each layer's hidden state…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Charles Ye , Bo Yuan , Lee Sharkey
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