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The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a diverse ecosystem of models with highly varying performance and costs, necessitating effective query routing to balance performance and expense. Current routing systems often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yongkai Lin , Shuai Fan , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large-scale Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are typically trained by sampling a vertex's neighbors to a fixed distance. Because large input graphs are distributed, training requires frequent irregular communication that stalls forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Aishwarya Sarkar , Sayan Ghosh , Nathan Tallent , Aman Chadha , Tanya Roosta , Ali Jannesari

The inherent non-stationarity of financial markets and the complexity of multi-modal information pose significant challenges to existing quantitative trading models. Traditional methods relying on fixed structures and unimodal data struggle…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-11 Yang Chen , Yueheng Jiang , Zhaozhao Ma , Yuchen Cao , Jacky Keung , Kun Kuang , Leilei Gan , Yiquan Wu , Fei Wu

Predicting commuting flows based on infrastructure and land-use information is critical for urban planning and public policy development. However, it is a challenging task given the complex patterns of commuting flows. Conventional models,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-08-25 Zhicheng Liu , Fabio Miranda , Weiting Xiong , Junyan Yang , Qiao Wang , Claudio T. Silva

The rapid expansion of modern wide-area networks (WANs) has made traffic engineering (TE) increasingly challenging, as traditional solvers struggle to keep pace. Although existing offline ML-driven approaches accelerate TE optimization with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyu Yuan , Yan Qiao , Zonghui Wang , Meng Li , Wenzhi Chen

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a common machine learning technique that allows the model to share information across different tasks and improve the accuracy of recommendations for all of them. Many existing MTL implementations suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Luyang Wang , Cangcheng Tang , Chongyang Zhang , Jun Ruan , Kai Huang , Jason Dai

While large language models (LLMs) show great potential in temporal reasoning, most existing work focuses heavily on enhancing performance, often neglecting the explainable reasoning processes underlying the results. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zihao Jiang , Ben Liu , Miao Peng , Wenjie Xu , Yao Xiao , Zhenyan Shan , Min Peng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model architecture has emerged as a promising solution for scaling transformer models efficiently, offering sparse activation that reduces computational costs while increasing model capacity. However, as MoE models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Seokjin Go , Divya Mahajan

Instruction tuning is one of the key steps required for adapting large language models (LLMs) to a broad spectrum of downstream applications. However, this procedure is difficult because real-world datasets are rarely homogeneous; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shrihari Sridharan , Deepak Ravikumar , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically generate outputs token by token using a fixed compute budget, leading to inefficient resource utilization. To address this shortcoming, recent advancements in mixture of expert (MoE) models,…

We present Expert-Token-Routing, a unified generalist framework that facilitates seamless integration of multiple expert LLMs. Our framework represents expert LLMs as special expert tokens within the vocabulary of a meta LLM. The meta LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ziwei Chai , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Tianjie Zhang , Xuanwen Huang , Xuwu Wang , Jingjing Xu , Jianbo Yuan , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu , Yang Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enables efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) with sparsely activated experts during inference. To effectively deploy large MoE models on memory-constrained devices, many systems introduce *expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingcong Liang , Siyuan Wang , Miren Tian , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhongyu Wei

Large scale machine learning and deep models are extremely data-hungry. Unfortunately, obtaining large amounts of labeled data is expensive, and training state-of-the-art models (with hyperparameter tuning) requires significant computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Krishnateja Killamsetty , Durga Sivasubramanian , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Rishabh Iyer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catastrophic forgetting when adapting to sequential tasks. We introduce a routing-based architecture that integrates new capabilities while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jay Mohta , Kenan Emir Ak , Gwang Lee , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

Chain-of-thought has been proven essential for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it also leads to high computational costs. Recent advances have explored the method to route queries among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Chenyang Shao , Xinyang Liu , Yutang Lin , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Traditional Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training typically proceeds without any structural priors, effectively requiring the model to simultaneously train expert weights while searching for an optimal routing policy within a vast combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuqi Xu , Rizhen Hu , Zihan Liu , Mou Sun , Kun Yuan

By routing input tokens to only a few split experts, Sparse Mixture-of-Experts has enabled efficient training of large language models. Recent findings suggest that fixing the routers can achieve competitive performance by alleviating the…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet their effectiveness frequently depends on costly commercial APIs or cloud services. Model selection thus entails a critical trade-off between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuanzhe Shen , Yide Liu , Zisu Huang , Ruicheng Yin , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have increasingly localized and interleaved visual evidence for deliberative reasoning. Grounding-based approaches typically focus on regions of interest (RoIs) by injecting cropped image patches or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Guannan Lv , Ren Nie , Hongjian Dou , Tingting Gao

Pre-training the embedding of a location generated from human mobility data has become a popular method for location based services. In practice, modeling the location embedding is too expensive, due to the large number of locations to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Chung Park , Taesan Kim , Junui Hong , Minsung Choi , Jaegul Choo