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With the rise of telemedicine, the task of developing Dialogue Systems for Medical Diagnosis (DSMD) has received much attention in recent years. Different from early researches that needed to rely on extra human resources and expertise to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Wenge Liu , Yi Cheng , Hao Wang , Jianheng Tang , Yafei Liu , Ruihui Zhao , Wenjie Li , Yefeng Zheng , Xiaodan Liang

Multimodal/vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly being deployed in healthcare settings worldwide, necessitating robust benchmarks to ensure their safety, efficacy, and fairness. Multiple-choice question and answer (QA) datasets…

Existing benchmarks for evaluating the clinical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) often lack a clear definition of "clinical reasoning" as a construct, fail to capture the full breadth of interdependent tasks within a…

Medicine and deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) engineering represent two distinct fields each with decades of published history. With such history comes a set of terminology that has a specific way in which it is applied.…

We present PULSE, a medical reasoning agent that combines a domain-tuned large language model with scientific literature retrieval to support diagnostic decision-making in complex real-world cases. To evaluate its capabilities, we curated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhongzhen Huang , Yan Ling , Hong Chen , Ye Feng , Li Wu , Linjie Mu , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang , Kun Qian , Xiaomu Li

Healthcare professionals need effective ways to use, understand, and validate AI-driven clinical decision support systems. Existing systems face two key limitations: complex visualizations and a lack of grounding in scientific evidence. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Reza Samimi , Aditya Bhattacharya , Lucija Gosak , Gregor Stiglic , Katrien Verbert

Machine learning models that offer excellent predictive performance often lack the interpretability necessary to support integrated human machine decision-making. In clinical medicine and other high-risk settings, domain experts may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Zach Wood-Doughty , Isabel Cachola , Mark Dredze

The continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) theory has propelled this field to unprecedented heights, owing to the relentless efforts of scholars and researchers. In the medical realm, AI takes a pivotal role, leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Qiyang Sun , Alican Akman , Björn W. Schuller

As the permeability of AI systems in interpersonal domains like the home expands, their technical capabilities of generating explanations are required to be aligned with user expectations for transparency and reasoning. This paper presents…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Niharika Mathur , Tamara Zubatiy , Elizabeth Mynatt

Diagnostic prediction and clinical reasoning are critical tasks in healthcare applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in commonsense reasoning, they still struggle with diagnostic reasoning due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yimin Deng , Zhenxi Lin , Yejing Wang , Guoshuai Zhao , Pengyue Jia , Zichuan Fu , Derong Xu , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao , Li Zhu , Xian Wu , Xueming Qian

Clinical coding is crucial for healthcare billing and data analysis. Manual clinical coding is labour-intensive and error-prone, which has motivated research towards full automation of the process. However, our analysis, based on US English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yidong Gan , Maciej Rybinski , Ben Hachey , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical diagnostics necessitates a critical examination of its ethical and practical implications. While the prioritization of diagnostic accuracy, as advocated by Sabuncu et…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Panayiotis V. Benos

Humans are black boxes -- we cannot observe their neural processes, yet society functions by evaluating verifiable arguments. AI explainability should follow this principle: stakeholders need verifiable reasoning chains, not mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ege Cakar , Per Ola Kristensson

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) augmented with artificial intelligence (AI) models are emerging as potentially valuable tools in healthcare. Despite their promise, the development and implementation of these systems typically…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Grace Golden , Christina Popescu , Sonia Israel , Kelly Perlman , Caitrin Armstrong , Robert Fratila , Myriam Tanguay-Sela , David Benrimoh

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), into the clinical diagnosis process offers significant potential to improve the efficiency and accessibility of medical care. While LLMs have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyu Derek Ma , Chenchen Ye , Yu Yan , Xiaoxuan Wang , Peipei Ping , Timothy S Chang , Wei Wang

\textbf{Background:} Regulatory frameworks for AI in healthcare, including the EU AI Act and FDA guidance on AI/ML-based medical devices, require clinical decision support to demonstrate not only accuracy but auditability. Existing formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Michael Bouzinier , Sergey Trifonov , Michael Chumack , Eugenia Lvova , Dmitry Etin

Limited expert time is a key bottleneck in medical imaging. Due to advances in image classification, AI can now serve as decision-support for medical experts, with the potential for great gains in radiologist productivity and, by extension,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Tomas Folke , Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Sean Anderson , Patrick Shafto

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in medical field and has the potential to revolutionize healthcare practices. However, the success of AI models and their impacts hinge on the synergy between AI and medical specialists,…

Computational argumentation offers formal frameworks for transparent, verifiable reasoning but has traditionally been limited by its reliance on domain-specific information and extensive feature engineering. In contrast, LLMs excel at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni , William Yeoh

Screening patients for clinical trial eligibility remains a manual, time-consuming, and resource-intensive process. We present a secure, scalable proof-of-concept system for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-augmented patient-trial matching that…