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Steganography is the task of concealing a message within a medium such that the presence of the hidden message cannot be detected. Though the prospect of steganography is conceivably interesting in many contexts, and though work has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Aubrey Alston

Automated test generation is essential for software quality assurance, with coverage rate serving as a key metric to ensure thorough testing. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in improving test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 WeiZhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Recent years have seen a number of proposals for performing Natural Language Generation (NLG) based in large part on statistical techniques. Despite having many attractive features, we argue that these existing approaches nonetheless have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Xiao Li , Kees van Deemter , Chenghua Lin

In the rapidly evolving Next-Generation Networking (NGN) era, the adoption of zero-trust architectures has become increasingly crucial to protect security. However, provisioning zero-trust services in NGNs poses significant challenges,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yinqiu Liu , Guangyuan Liu , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim , Xuemin Shen

Recently, the field of steganography has experienced rapid developments based on deep learning (DL). DL based steganography distributes secret information over all the available bits of the cover image, thereby posing difficulties in using…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Dahuin Jung , Ho Bae , Hyun-Soo Choi , Sungroh Yoon

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge has proven effective for improving the factual accuracy of generated responses. Despite their success, retrieval-augmented LLMs still face the distractibility issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zexuan Qiu , Zijing Ou , Bin Wu , Jingjing Li , Aiwei Liu , Irwin King

Semantic communication is a promising technology for next-generation wireless networks. However, the out-of-distribution (OOD) problem, where a pre-trained machine learning (ML) model is applied to unseen tasks that are outside the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Feifan Zhang , Yuyang Du , Kexin Chen , Yulin Shao , Soung Chang Liew

With the rapid evolution of the Internet, the vast amount of data has created opportunities for fostering the development of steganographic techniques. However, traditional steganographic techniques encounter challenges due to distortions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yu Cheng , Zhenlin Luo , Zhaoxia Yin

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) have recently emerged as a new paradigm in language modeling, offering flexible generation dynamics and enabling efficient parallel decoding. However, existing decoding strategies for pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xueyu Zhou , Yangrong Hu , Jian Huang

We propose a robust and provably secure image steganography framework based on latent-space iterative optimization. Within this framework, the receiver treats the transmitted image as a fixed reference and iteratively refines a latent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yanan Li , Zixuan Wang , Qiyang Xiao , Yanzhen Ren

To provide an added security level most of the existing reversible as well as irreversible image steganography schemes emphasize on encrypting the secret image (payload) before embedding it to the cover image. The complexity of encryption…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Soumendu Chakraborty , Anand Singh Jalal , Charul Bhatnagar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an indispensable part of natural language processing tasks. However, autoregressive sampling has become an efficiency bottleneck. Multi-Draft Speculative Decoding (MDSD) is a recent approach where,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengmian Hu , Tong Zheng , Vignesh Viswanathan , Ziyi Chen , Ryan A. Rossi , Yihan Wu , Dinesh Manocha , Heng Huang

Modern language models operate on subword-tokenized text in order to make a trade-off between model size, inference speed, and vocabulary coverage. A side effect of this is that, during inference, models are evaluated by measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 David Pohl , Marco Cognetta , Junyoung Lee , Naoaki Okazaki

This paper presents two novel approaches to increase performance bounds of image steganography under the criteria of minimizing distortion. First, in order to efficiently use the images' capacities, we propose using parallel images in the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Mehdi Sharifzadeh , Chirag Agarwal , Mahdi Salarian , Dan Schonfeld

We study the problem of multi-bit watermarking for large language models (LLMs). We introduce a block-autoregressive model inspired by multi-token prediction, in which the encoder has limited non-causal access to token distributions within…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sidong Guo , Tyler Kann , Teodora Baluta , Matthieu R. Bloch

In this letter, we explored generative image steganography based on autoregressive models. We proposed Pixel-Stega, which implements pixel-level information hiding with autoregressive models and arithmetic coding algorithm. Firstly, one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Siyu Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Haoqin Tu , Jinshuai Yang , Yongfeng Huang

This paper introduces a novel approach for identifying the possible large language models (LLMs) involved in text generation. Instead of adding an additional classification layer to a base LM, we reframe the classification task as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yutian Chen , Hao Kang , Vivian Zhai , Liangze Li , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Integrating text and numbers effectively is a crucial step towards enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) capabilities in assisting in scientific tasks. While most current approaches rely on discrete tokenization of numbers, for instance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Marvin Alberts , Gianmarco Gabrieli , Irina Espejo Morales

Retention of secrecy is one of the significant features during communication activity. Steganography is one of the popular methods to achieve secret communication between sender and receiver by hiding message in any form of cover media such…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-04-13 T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair , Suma V , Manas S

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across diverse domains. Many practical applications of LLMs, such as code completion and structured data extraction, require adherence to syntactic constraints specified by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Niels Mündler , Jasper Dekoninck , Martin Vechev