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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks. However, the truthfulness of their outputs is not guaranteed, and their tendency toward overconfidence further limits reliability. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qi Cao , Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Authentication mechanisms are at the forefront of defending the world from various types of cybercrime. Steganography can serve as an authentication solution through the use of a digital signature embedded in a carrier object to ensure the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ching-Chun Chang

This paper presents the preliminary of a novel scheme of steganography, and introduces the idea of combining two secret keys in the operation. The first secret key encrypts the text using a standard cryptographic scheme (e.g. IDEA, SAFER+,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-03-27 P. Carrion , H. M. de Oliveira , R. M. Campello de Souza

The security of private communication is increasingly at risk due to widespread surveillance. Steganography, a technique for embedding secret messages within innocuous carriers, enables covert communication over monitored channels. Provably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

Image Steganography is a thriving research area of information security where secret data is embedded in images to hide its existence while getting the minimum possible statistical detectability. This paper proposes a novel magic least…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Khan Muhammad , Muhammad Sajjad , Irfan Mehmood , Seungmin Rho , Sung Wook Baik

Data hiding has received much attention due to rapid development of internet and multimedia technologies where security of information is a very important concern. This is achieved by Steganography, which is the art or science of hiding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-02 Debajit Sensarma , Samar Sen Sarma

The dominant approach to generating from language models subject to some constraint is locally constrained decoding (LCD), incrementally sampling tokens at each time step such that the constraint is never violated. Typically, this is…

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to respond correctly to prompts that align well with the data they were trained and fine-tuned on. Yet, small shifts in wording, format, or language can trigger surprisingly large failures, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yeping Jin , Jiaming Hu , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

Assessing the stability of code generation from large language models (LLMs) is essential for judging their reliability in real-world development. We extend prior "structural-entropy concepts" to the program domain by pairing entropy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yewei Song , Tiezhu Sun , Xunzhu Tang , Prateek Rajput , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Jacques Klein

In this paper we propose a new data hiding technique. The new technique uses steganography and cryptography on images with a size of 256x256 pixels and an 8-bit grayscale format. There are design restrictions such as a fixed-size cover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-13 Francisco Rubén Castillo Soria , Gustavo Fernández Torres , Ignacio Algredo-Badillo

Image Steganography is a cryptographic technique that embeds secret information into an image, ensuring the hidden data remains undetectable to the human eye while preserving the image's original visual integrity. Least Significant Bit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Nicholas DiSalvo

Steganography methods in general terms tend to embed more and more secret bits in the cover images. Most of these methods are designed to embed secret information in such a way that the change in the visual quality of the resulting stego…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Soumendu Chakraborty , Anand Singh Jalal

The rise of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has significantly improved automated code generation, enhancing software development efficiency. However, this introduces challenges in academia, particularly in distinguishing between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

In this paper, a novel data hiding technique is proposed, as an improvement over the Fibonacci LSB data-hiding technique proposed by Battisti et al. First we mathematically model and generalize our approach. Then we propose our novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Sandipan Dey , Ajith Abraham , Sugata Sanyal

While provably secure steganography provides strong concealment by ensuring stego carriers are indistinguishable from natural samples, such systems remain vulnerable to real-world edit errors (e.g., insertions, deletions, substitutions)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhihan Cao , Gaolei Li , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li , Hang Zhang , Mingzhe Chen

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) associate nodes with textual attributes and graph structure, enabling GNNs to jointly model semantic and structural information. While effective on in-distribution (ID) data, GNNs often encounter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yinlin Zhu , Di Wu , Xu Wang , Guocong Quan , Miao Hu

Secure covert communication in hostile environments requires simultaneously achieving invisibility, provable security guarantees, and robustness against informed adversaries. This paper presents a novel hybrid steganographic framework that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Obinna Omego , Michal Bosy

State of the art generative models of human-produced content are the focus of many recent papers that explore their use for steganographic communication. In particular, generative models of natural language text. Loosely, these works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Luke A. Bauer , James K. Howes , Sam A. Markelon , Vincent Bindschaedler , Thomas Shrimpton

Generative steganography (GS) is an emerging technique that generates stego images directly from secret data. Various GS methods based on GANs or Flow have been developed recently. However, existing GAN-based GS methods cannot completely…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ping Wei , Qing Zhou , Zichi Wang , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang , Sheng Li