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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that large-scale pretraining enables systems to adapt rapidly to new problems with little supervision in the language domain. This success, however, has not translated as effectively to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pablo Acuaviva , Aram Davtyan , Mariam Hassan , Sebastian Stapf , Ahmad Rahimi , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

Existing benchmarks often highlight the remarkable performance achieved by state-of-the-art Multimodal Foundation Models (MFMs) in leveraging temporal context for video understanding. However, how well do the models truly perform visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziyao Shangguan , Chuhan Li , Yuxuan Ding , Yanan Zheng , Yilun Zhao , Tesca Fitzgerald , Arman Cohan

Multimodal foundation models that can holistically process text alongside images, video, audio, and other sensory modalities are increasingly used in a variety of real-world applications. However, it is challenging to characterize and study…

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly foundation models (FMs), have revolutionized medical image analysis, demonstrating strong zero- and few-shot performance across diverse medical imaging tasks, from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Praveenbalaji Rajendran , Mojtaba Safari , Wenfeng He , Mingzhe Hu , Shansong Wang , Jun Zhou , Xiaofeng Yang

Vision foundation models (FMs) have become the predominant architecture in computer vision, providing highly transferable representations learned from large-scale, multimodal corpora. Nonetheless, they exhibit persistent limitations on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Fatemeh Ziaeetabar

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, primarily attributed to effective paradigms for integrating visual and textual information. The dominant connector-based paradigm projects visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xinpeng Dong , Min Zhang , Kairong Han , Xu Tan , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Multimodal learning, especially large-scale multimodal pre-training, has developed rapidly over the past few years and led to the greatest advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Despite its effectiveness, understanding the underlying…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Haoyu Lu , Qiongyi Zhou , Nanyi Fei , Zhiwu Lu , Mingyu Ding , Jingyuan Wen , Changde Du , Xin Zhao , Hao Sun , Huiguang He , Ji-Rong Wen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

The rapid advancement of remote sensing foundation models, particularly vision and multimodal models, has significantly enhanced the capabilities of intelligent geospatial data interpretation. These models combine various data modalities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ziyue Huang , Hongxi Yan , Qiqi Zhan , Shuai Yang , Mingming Zhang , Chenkai Zhang , YiMing Lei , Zeming Liu , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang

Video Foundation Models (ViFMs) aim to learn a general-purpose representation for various video understanding tasks. Leveraging large-scale datasets and powerful models, ViFMs achieve this by capturing robust and generic features from video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Neelu Madan , Andreas Moegelmose , Rajat Modi , Yogesh S. Rawat , Thomas B. Moeslund

Vision-Language Foundation Models (VLFMs) have made remarkable progress on various multimodal tasks, such as image captioning, image-text retrieval, visual question answering, and visual grounding. However, most methods rely on training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yue Zhou , Zhihang Zhong , Xue Yang

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

While reinforcement learning from scratch has shown impressive results in solving sequential decision-making tasks with efficient simulators, real-world applications with expensive interactions require more sample-efficient agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Remo Sasso , Michelangelo Conserva , Dominik Jeurissen , Paulo Rauber

Visual-language models (VLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for learning a unified embedding space for vision and language. Inspired by large language models, which have demonstrated strong reasoning and multi-task capabilities, visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yifan Li , Zhixin Lai , Wentao Bao , Zhen Tan , Anh Dao , Kewei Sui , Jiayi Shen , Dong Liu , Huan Liu , Yu Kong

Visual perception and language understanding are - fundamental components of human intelligence, enabling them to understand and reason about objects and their interactions. It is crucial for machines to have this capacity to reason using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Thao Minh Le

Following the recent popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), several attempts have been made to extend them to the visual domain. From having a visual assistant that could guide us through unfamiliar environments to generative models…

Recent work has documented striking heterogeneity in the performance of state-of-the-art vision language models (VLMs), including both multimodal language models and text-to-image models. These models are able to describe and generate a…

Visualization's design knowledge-effectiveness rankings, encoding guidelines, color models, preattentive processing rules -- derives from six decades of psychophysical studies of human vision. Yet vision-language models (VLMs) increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Brian Keith-Norambuena

Investigating value alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) based on cultural context has become a critical area of research. However, similar biases have not been extensively explored in large vision-language models (VLMs). As the scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Srishti Yadav , Zhi Zhang , Daniel Hershcovich , Ekaterina Shutova