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Recently, low-resolution LDPC decoders have been introduced that perform mutual information maximizing signal processing. However, the optimal quantization in variable and check nodes requires expensive non-uniform operations. Instead, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Philipp Mohr , Gerhard Bauch

Universal channel decoders based on transformers-such as the Foundation Error Correction Code Transformer (FECCT)-achieve competitive decoding performance across diverse code families with a single shared backbone, optionally followed by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sanghyeon Cho , Taewoo Park , Seong-Joon Park , Dae-Young Yun , Hee-Youl Kwak , Sang-Hyo Kim , Yongjune Kim

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is required in quantum computers to mitigate the effect of errors on physical qubits. When adopting a QEC scheme based on surface codes, error decoding is the most computationally expensive task in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Ramon Overwater , Masoud Babaie , Fabio Sebastiano

LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes are among the most powerful and widely adopted modern error correcting codes. The iterative decoding algorithms required for these codes involve high computational complexity and high processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-05-16 Carlo Condo , Guido Masera

This work introduces a novel, fully differentiable linear-time complexity transformer decoder and a transformer decoder to correct 5G New Radio (NR) LDPC. We propose a scalable approach to decode linear block codes with $O(n)$ complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Mario Hernandez , Fernando Pinero

Powerful Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes are used in optical communications to achieve bit-error rates below $10^{-15}$. These FECs follow one of two approaches: concatenation of simpler hard-decision codes or usage of inherently…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Carlo Condo , Pascal Giard , François Leduc-Primeau , Gabi Sarkis , Warren J. Gross

Quantum computers have the potential to solve certain complex problems in a much more efficient way than classical computers. Nevertheless, current quantum computer implementations are limited by high physical error rates. This issue is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Alessio Cicero , Luigi Altamura , Moritz Lange , Mats Granath , Pedro Trancoso

Topological quantum error-correcting codes are a promising candidate for building fault-tolerant quantum computers. Decoding topological codes optimally, however, is known to be a computationally hard problem. Various decoders have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 Milap Sheth , Sara Zafar Jafarzadeh , Vlad Gheorghiu

Transformer architectures have emerged as promising deep learning (DL) tools for modeling complex sequence-to-sequence interactions in channel decoding. However, current transformer-based decoders for error correction codes (ECCs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Hongzhi Zhu , Wei Xu , Xiaohu You

Real-time decoding of quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. A practical decoder must operate with high accuracy at low latency, while remaining robust to spatial and temporal variations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Samuel Stein , Shuwen Kan , Chenxu Liu , Adrian Harkness , Sean Garner , Zefan Du , Yufei Ding , Ying Mao , Ang Li

For reliable large-scale quantum computation, quantum error correction (QEC) is essential to protect logical information distributed across multiple physical qubits. Taking advantage of recent advances in deep learning, neural network-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Seong-Joon Park , Hee-Youl Kwak , Yongjune Kim

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides an alternative way to design channel coding with affordable complexity. However, most existing studies can only learn codes for a given size and rate, typically defined by a fixed network architecture…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Yukun Cheng , Wei Chen , Tianwei Hou , Geoffrey Ye Li , Bo Ai

The URLLC scenario in the upcoming 6G standard requires low latency and ultra reliable transmission, i.e., error correction towards ML performance. Achieving near-ML performance is very challenging especially for short block lengths. Polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Claus Kestel , Marvin Geiselhart , Lucas Johannsen , Stephan ten Brink , Norbert Wehn

The rapidly improving performance of modern hardware renders convolutional codes obsolete, and allows for the practical implementation of more sophisticated correction codes such as low density parity check (LDPC) and turbo codes (TC). Both…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jarosław Duda , Paweł Korus

Quantum error correction is widely believed to be essential for large-scale quantum computation, but the required qubit overhead remains a central challenge. Quantum low-density parity-check codes can substantially reduce this overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Chen Zhao , Casey Duckering , Andi Gu , Nishad Maskara , Hengyun Zhou

Block encoding of sparse matrices underpins powerful quantum algorithms such as quantum singular value transformation, Hamiltonian simulation, and quantum linear solvers, yet its efficient gate-level realization for general sparse matrices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Abhishek Setty

V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) communication relies on short messages for short-range transmissions over a fading wireless channel, yet requires high reliability and low latency. Hard-decision decoding sacrifices the preservation of diversity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Praveen Sai Bere , Mohammed Zafar Ali Khan , Lajos Hanzo

Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim

A fault-tolerant quantum computer must decode and correct errors faster than they appear. The faster errors can be corrected, the more time the computer can do useful work. The Union-Find (UF) decoder is promising with an average time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Namitha Liyanage , Yue Wu , Alexander Deters , Lin Zhong

In this paper, we consider the ChannelComp framework, which facilitates the computation of desired functions by multiple transmitters over a common receiver using digital modulations across a multiple access channel. While ChannelComp…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-26 Xiaojing Yan , Saeed Razavikia , Carlo Fischione