Related papers: Iterated Radical Expansions and Convergence
Recently, designs of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) using integer-valued variants of logistic maps and their applications to some cryptographic schemes have been studied, due mostly to their ease of implementation and performance.…
Rational approximations to a square root $\sqrt{k}$ can be produced by iterating the transformation $f(x) = (dx+k)/(x+d)$ starting from $\infty$ for any positive integer $d$. We show that these approximations coincide infinitely often with…
Let $S_r(p,q)$ be the $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind, the number of ways to partition a set of size $p$ into $q$ subsets of size at least $r$. For $r=1$, these are the standard Stirling numbers of the second kind, and…
In this paper we study the $b$-ary expansions of the square roots of the function defined by the recurrence $f_b(n)=b f_b(n-1)+n$ with initial value $f(0)=0$ taken at odd positive integers $n$, of which the special case $b=10$ is often…
In his book "Mathematics Rhyme and Reason," Currie discusses what he calls a $mysterious$ $pattern$ involving the sequence $ a_{n} = 2^n \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2 + \sqrt{2 + \cdots + \sqrt{2}}}},$ where $n$ is the number of radicals. Part of the…
The notion of 'bifurcating continued fractions' is introduced. Two coupled sequences of non-negative integers are obtained from an ordered pair of positive real numbers in a manner that generalizes the notion of continued fractions. These…
We construct a point set in the Euclidean plane that elucidates the relationship between the fine-scale statistics of the fractional parts of $\sqrt n$ and directional statistics for a shifted lattice. We show that the randomly rotated, and…
Is it possible to distinguish algebraic from transcendental real numbers by considering the $b$-ary expansion in some base $b\ge2$? In 1950, \'E. Borel suggested that the answer is no and that for any real irrational algebraic number $x$…
The nonlinear recurrences we consider here include the functions $3x(1-x)$ and $\cos(x)$, which possess attractive fixed points $2/3$ and $0.739...$ (Dottie's number). Detailed asymptotics for oscillatory convergence are found, starting…
We investigate the topological structure of the decimal expansions of the three famous naturally occurring irrational numbers, $\pi$, $e$, and golden ratio, by explicitly calculating the diversity of the pair distributions of the ten digits…
This paper concerns extension of the classical Lagrange theorem, on the eventual periodicity of continued fraction expansions of quadratic surds, and the versions of it found in the literature in the case of complex numbers. In this…
In this expository paper written to commemorate Fibonacci Day 2016, we discuss famous relations involving the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio, continued fractions and nested radicals, and show how these fit into a more general…
Our work began as an effort to understand calculations by Morris & Szekeres (1961) and Walker (1991) regarding fractional iteration.
A well known theorem of Lagrange states that the simple continued fraction of a real number $\alpha$ is periodic if and only if $\alpha$ is a quadratic irrational. We examine non-periodic and non-simple continued fractions formed by two…
A detailed analysis of the remainder obtained by truncating the Euler series up to the $n$th-order term is presented. In particular, by using an approach recently proposed by Weniger, asymptotic expansions of the remainder, both in inverse…
In 1985, Robbins observed by computer the continued fraction expansion of certain algebraic power series over a finite field. Incidentally, he came across a particular equation of degree 4 in characteristic p=13. This equation has an…
We present a certain generalization of a recent result of M. I. Cirnu on linear recurrence relations with coefficient in progressions [2]. We provide some interesting examples related to some well-known integer sequences, such as Fibonacci…
We derive interesting arctangent identities involving the golden ratio, Fibonacci numbers and Lucas numbers. Binary BBP-type formulas for the arctangents of certain odd powers of the golden ratio are also derived, for the first time in the…
The theory of continued fractions has been generalized to l-adic numbers by several authors and presents many differences with respect to the real case. In the present paper we investigate the expansion of rationals and quadratic…
The excedance number for S_n is known to have an Eulerian distribution. Nevertheless, the classical proof uses descents rather than excedances. We present a direct recursive proof which seems to be folklore and extend it to the colored…