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A recent research trend involves treating database index structures as Machine Learning (ML) models. In this domain, single or multiple ML models are trained to learn the mapping from keys to positions inside a data set. This class of…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Abdullah Al-Mamun , Hao Wu , Qiyang He , Jianguo Wang , Walid G. Aref

Learned indices using neural networks have been shown to outperform traditional indices such as B-trees in both query time and memory. However, learning the distribution of a large dataset can be expensive, and updating learned indices is…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Guanli Liu , Lars Kulik , Xingjun Ma , Jianzhong Qi

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) serve as a powerful framework for modeling complex systems with uncertainty and extracting valuable insights from data. However, users face challenges when applying PGMs to their problems in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jiantong Jiang , Zeyi Wen , Peiyu Yang , Atif Mansoor , Ajmal Mian

Since the publication of The Case for Learned Index Structures in 2018, there has been a rise in research that focuses on learned indexes for different domains and with different functionalities. While the effectiveness of learned indexes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Mikkel Møller Andersen , Pınar Tözün

Spatial data is ubiquitous. Massive amounts of data are generated every day from billions of GPS-enabled devices such as cell phones, cars, sensors, and various consumer-based applications such as Uber, Tinder, location-tagged posts in…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Varun Pandey , Alexander van Renen , Andreas Kipf , Ibrahim Sabek , Jialin Ding , Alfons Kemper

A growing trend in the database and system communities is to augment conventional index structures, such as B+-trees, with machine learning (ML) models. Among these, error-bounded Piecewise Linear Approximation ($\epsilon$-PLA) has emerged…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jiayong Qin , Xianyu Zhu , Qiyu Liu , Guangyi Zhang , Zhigang Cai , Jianwei Liao , Sha Hu , Jingshu Peng , Yingxia Shao , Lei Chen

Efficient spatial indexing is crucial for processing large-scale spatial data. Traditional spatial indexes, such as STR-Tree and Quad-Tree, organize spatial objects based on coarse approximations, such as their minimum bounding rectangles…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiangyang Yang , Xuefeng Guan , Lanxue Dang , Yi Xie , Qingyang Xu , Huayi Wu , Jiayao Wang

Indexes are critical for efficient data retrieval and updates in modern databases. Recent advances in machine learning have led to the development of learned indexes, which model the cumulative distribution function of data to predict…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xinyi Zhang , Liang Liang , Anastasia Ailamaki , Jianliang Xu

Index structures are one of the most important tools that DBAs leverage to improve the performance of analytics and transactional workloads. However, building several indexes over large datasets can often become prohibitive and consume…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Alex Galakatos , Michael Markovitch , Carsten Binnig , Rodrigo Fonseca , Tim Kraska

Index is an important component in database systems. Learned indexes have been shown to outperform traditional tree-based index structures for fixed-sized integer or floating point keys. However, the application of the learned solution to…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yifan Yang , Shimin Chen

The recent proposal of learned index structures opens up a new perspective on how traditional range indexes can be optimized. However, the current learned indexes assume the data distribution is relatively static and the access pattern is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Chuzhe Tang , Zhiyuan Dong , Minjie Wang , Zhaoguo Wang , Haibo Chen

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) provide a compact representation of knowledge that can be queried in a flexible way: after learning the parameters of a graphical model once, new probabilistic queries can be answered at test time…

Recent work on "learned indexes" has changed the way we look at the decades-old field of DBMS indexing. The key idea is that indexes can be thought of as "models" that predict the position of a key in a dataset. Indexes can, thus, be…

Indexing is an effective way to support efficient query processing in large databases. Recently the concept of learned index, which replaces or complements traditional index structures with machine learning models, has been actively…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Yao Tian , Tingyun Yan , Xi Zhao , Kai Huang , Xiaofang Zhou

Learned index structures have been shown to achieve favorable lookup performance and space consumption compared to their traditional counterparts such as B-trees. However, most learned index studies have focused on the primary indexing…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Andreas Kipf , Dominik Horn , Pascal Pfeil , Ryan Marcus , Tim Kraska

Neural graphics primitives are faster and achieve higher quality when their neural networks are augmented by spatial data structures that hold trainable features arranged in a grid. However, existing feature grids either come with a large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Towaki Takikawa , Thomas Müller , Merlin Nimier-David , Alex Evans , Sanja Fidler , Alec Jacobson , Alexander Keller

Recently, numerous promising results have shown that updatable learned indexes can perform better than traditional indexes with much lower memory space consumption. But it is unknown how these learned indexes compare against each other and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chaichon Wongkham , Baotong Lu , Chris Liu , Zhicong Zhong , Eric Lo , Tianzheng Wang

Inverted indexes are vital in providing fast key-word-based search. For every term in the document collection, a list of identifiers of documents in which the term appears is stored, along with auxiliary information such as term frequency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Harrie Oosterhuis , J. Shane Culpepper , Maarten de Rijke

Learned indexes, which use machine learning models to replace traditional index structures, have shown promising results in recent studies. However, existing learned indexes exhibit a performance gap between synthetic and real-world…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Jiaoyi Zhang , Yihan Gao

Indexing large-scale databases in main memory is still challenging today. Learned index structures -- in which the core components of classical indexes are replaced with machine learning models -- have recently been suggested to…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Ali Hadian , Thomas Heinis