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The RHIC interaction rate at sPHENIX will reach around 3 MHz in pp collisions and requires the detector readout to reject events by a factor of over 200 to fit the DAQ bandwidth of 15 kHz. Some critical measurements, such as heavy flavor…

This paper makes the case for a single-ISA heterogeneous computing platform, AISC, where each compute engine (be it a core or an accelerator) supports a different subset of the very same ISA. An ISA subset may not be functionally complete,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Alexandra Ferreron , Jesus Alastruey-Benede , Dario Suarez-Gracia , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

In modern low-power embedded platforms, floating-point (FP) operations emerge as a major contributor to the energy consumption of compute-intensive applications with large dynamic range. Experimental evidence shows that 50% of the energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Giuseppe Tagliavini , Stefan Mach , Davide Rossi , Andrea Marongiu , Luca Benini

Developing accurate and reliable Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures is becoming a key research focus to accelerate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks on hardware, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In that regard, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Omar Numan , Gaurav Singh , Kazybek Adam , Jelin Leslin , Aleksi Korsman , Otto Simola , Marko Kosunen , Jussi Ryynänen , Martin Andraud

The Chapter begins with a discussion of the constraints and needs of video coding systems. The lack in flexibility of traditional monolithic codec specifications, not suitable to model commonalities among codecs and foster reusability among…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Francesca Palumbo , Carlo Sau

The emergence of heterogeneity and domain-specific architectures targeting deep learning inference show great potential for enabling the deployment of modern CNNs on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A significant development is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dmitri Lyalikov

The ever-increasing quest for data-level parallelism and variable precision in ubiquitous multimedia and Deep Neural Network (DNN) applications has motivated the use of Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures. To alleviate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Zahra Ebrahimi , Salim Ullah , Akash Kumar

The emergence of a new, open, and free instruction set architecture, RISC-V, has heralded a new era in microprocessor architectures. Starting with low-power, low-performance prototypes, the RISC-V community has a good chance of moving…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Valentin Volokitin , Evgeny Kozinov , Valentina Kustikova , Alexey Liniov , Iosif Meyerov

The rapid growth of AI-based Internet-of-Things applications increased the demand for high-performance edge processing engines on a low-power budget and tight area constraints. As a consequence, vector processor architectures, traditionally…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in deep learning applications, e.g. visual systems, robotics etc. However, existing software solutions are not efficient. Therefore, many hardware accelerators have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Sasindu Wijeratne , Sandaruwan Jayaweera , Mahesh Dananjaya , Ajith Pasqual

Processor design and verification require a synergistic approach that combines instruction-level functional simulations with precise hardware emulations. The trade-off between speed and accuracy in the instruction set simulation poses a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kun Qin , Xiaorang Guo , Martin Schulz , Carsten Trinitis

The use of reconfigurable computing, and FPGAs in particular, has strong potential in the field of High Performance Computing (HPC). However the traditionally high barrier to entry when it comes to programming this technology has, until…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Nick Brown

GRVI is an FPGA-efficient RISC-V RV32I soft processor. Phalanx is a parallel processor and accelerator array framework. Groups of processors and accelerators form shared memory clusters. Clusters are interconnected with each other and with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Jan Gray

The performance of current quantum hardware is severely limited. While expanding the quantum ISA with high-fidelity, expressive basis gates is a key path forward, it imposes significant gate calibration overhead and complicates compiler…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Yang , Dawei Ding , Qi Ye , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

In this work, we present the design and evaluation of a Processor Tracing System compliant with the RISC-V Efficient Trace specification for Instruction Branch Tracing. We integrate our system into the host domain of a state-of-the-art edge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Umberto Laghi , Simone Manoni , Emanuele Parisi , Andrea Bartolini

The rapid progress and advancement in electronic chips technology provide a variety of new implementation options for system engineers. The choice varies between the flexible programs running on a general-purpose processor (GPP) and the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Issam Damaj

The fast proliferation of extreme-edge applications using Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms required dedicated hardware to satisfy extreme-edge applications' latency, throughput, and precision requirements. While inference is achievable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yvan Tortorella , Luca Bertaccini , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Francesco Conti

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its practical implementation remains a major engineering challenge. In particular, QEC demands precise real-time control of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Junyi Liu , Yi Lee , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Xiaodi Wu