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This paper presents a Generalized Modal Analysis (GMA) concept for the small-signal stability analysis of power systems with high penetration of Converter-Interfaced Generation (CIG). GMA quantitatively assesses interactions between various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-25 Le Zheng , Jiajie Zheng , Chongru Liu

The phase-locked loop (PLL) used in the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) can cause frequency coupling phenomena, which will give negative resistance characteristics ofthe DFIG at low frequency, resulting in stability issues under weak…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Xiaoling Xiong , Bochen Luo , Longcan Li , Ziming Sun , Frede Blaabjerg

Grid-forming (GFM) technology is widely regarded as a promising solution for future power systems dominated by power electronics. However, a precise method for quantifying GFM converter behavior and a universally accepted GFM definition…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-24 Kehao Zhuang , Huanhai Xin , Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler

The analysis of sound and vibrations is often performed in the frequency domain, implying the assumption of steady-state behaviour and time-harmonic excitation. External excitations, however, may be transient rather than time-harmonic,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Elke Deckers , Stijn Jonckheere , Karl Meerbergen

Power electronic devices such as HVDC and FACTS can be used to improve the damping of poorly damped inter-area modes in large power systems. This involves the use of wide-area feedback signals, which are transmitted via communication…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-17 K. K. Gajjar , Kaustav Dey , A. M. Kulkarni

To address the frequency stability challenges posed by the rising penetration of power electronics in power systems, HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are increasingly expected to provide inertial response and frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Zhenghua XU , Dominic Groß , George Alin Raducu , Behnam Nouri , Oscar Saborío-Romano , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

The inherent control switching of renewable energy sources (RESs) during intricate transient processes introduces complexity to the dynamic behavior of modern power systems. This paper reveals the dynamic coupling between grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Ruiyuan Zeng , Ruisheng Diao , Fangyuan Sun , Wangqianyun Tang , Junjie Li , Baorong Zhou

With recent developments in offshore grid architectures, power park modules (PPMs) such as clusters of offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are increasingly interconnected offshore. Consequently, it is necessary to assess how integrating a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Germano Rugendo Mugambi , Behnam Nouri , Oscar Saborío-Romano , George Alin Raducu , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

The intensive integration of power converters is changing the way that power systems operate, leading to the emergence of new types of dynamic phenomena and instabilities. At the same time, converters act as an interface between traditional…

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, characterised by low inertia and intermittent disturbances, presents substantial challenges to power system stability. As critical indicators of system stability, frequency dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-19 Xiao Li , Xinyi Wen , Benjamin Schäfer

Grid-forming (GFM) converters are generally expected to exhibit low impedance near the fundamental frequency due to their voltage-source behavior. However, an impedance peak and a negative-resistance region are consistently observed in this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Chao Wu , Jinhao Wang , Yong Wang , Changjiang Zhan , Frede Blaabjerg

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in the design of modern high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission system. High-fidelity dynamic models of MMCs-based HVdc system require small simulation time step and can be…

The shifted frequency-based electromagnetic transient (SFEMT) simulation has greatly improved the computational efficiency of traditional electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation for the ac grid. This letter proposes a novel interface for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 Shilin Gao , Ying Chen , Zhitong Yu , Wensheng Chen , Yankan Song

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources exacerbates the spatial and temporal differences in frequency across the power system, posing a serious challenge to the accurate and efficient assessment of system frequency security.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Changjun He , Hua Geng , Xiuqiang He , Chen Shen , Yushuang Liu

The authors propose a new modeling approach based on the impedance field method (IFM) to analyze the general geometric variations in device simulations. Compared with the direct modeling of multiple variational devices, the proposed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Bo Fu , Seonghoon Jin , Woosung Choi , Keun-Ho Lee , Young-Kwan Park

A major aspect in power line distribution networks is the constant monitoring of the network properties. With the advent of the smart grid concept, distributed monitoring has started complementing the information of the central stations. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-02-07 Federico Passerini , Andrea M. Tonello

As inverter-based loads and energy sources become increasingly prevalent, accurate estimation of line impedance between inverters and the grid is essential for optimizing performance and enhancing control strategies. This paper presents a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Jaesang Park , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa Salapaka

The small-signal impedance modeling of modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the key for analyzing resonance and stability of MMC-based ac power electronics systems. MMC is a converter system with a typical multi-frequency response due to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Jing Lyu , Qiang Chen , Xu Cai , Marta Molinas

This paper develops a grey-box approach to small-signal stability analysis of complex power systems that facilitates root-cause tracing without requiring disclosure of the full details of the internal control structure of apparatus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-14 Yue Zhu , Yunjie Gu , Yitong Li , Timothy C. Green

The enhanced Gaussian noise (EGN) model, which accounts for inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS), has been extensively utilized for evaluating nonlinear interference (NLI) within the C+L band. Compared to closed-form expressions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Ruiyang Xia , Guanjun Gao , Zanshan Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Kun Wen , Daobin Wang