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Reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models faces significant challenges in computational efficiency and data acquisition. We propose AcceRL, a fully asynchronous and decoupled RL framework designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chengxuan Lu , Shukuan Wang , Yanjie Li , Wei Liu , Shiji Jin , Fuyuan Qian , Peiming Li , Baigui Sun , Yang Liu

Conventional reinforcement learning (RL) needs an environment to collect fresh data, which is impractical when online interactions are costly. Offline RL provides an alternative solution by directly learning from the previously collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Han Zheng , Xufang Luo , Pengfei Wei , Xuan Song , Dongsheng Li , Jing Jiang

As learning-based robotic controllers are typically trained offline and deployed with fixed parameters, their ability to cope with unforeseen changes during operation is limited. Biologically inspired, this work presents a framework for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Fabian Domberg , Georg Schildbach

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), we seek to utilize offline data to evaluate (or learn) policies in scenarios where the data are collected from a distribution that substantially differs from that of the target policy to be evaluated.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Ruosong Wang , Yifan Wu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sham M. Kakade

Building agents that can perform new skills by composing existing skills is a long-standing goal of AI agent research. Towards this end, we investigate how to efficiently acquire a sequence of skills, formalized as hierarchical neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wasu Top Piriyakulkij , Wolfgang Lehrach , Kevin Ellis , Kevin Murphy

Scaling Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on large-scale data offers a promising path to achieving a more generalized driving intelligence. However, VLA models are limited by a ``supervision deficit'': the vast model capacity is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yingyan Li , Shuyao Shang , Weisong Liu , Bing Zhan , Haochen Wang , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Xiaoman Wang , Yasong An , Chufeng Tang , Lu Hou , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows for the training of competent agents from offline datasets without any interaction with the environment. Online finetuning of such offline models can further improve performance. But how should we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yicheng Luo , Jackie Kay , Edward Grefenstette , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Offline zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn agents that optimize unseen reward functions without additional environment interaction. The standard approach to this problem trains task-conditioned policies by sampling task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Nazim Bendib , Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert , Olivier Sigaud

The next-generation wireless technologies, including beyond 5G and 6G networks, are paving the way for transformative applications such as vehicle platooning, smart cities, and remote surgery. These innovations are driven by a vast array of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Eslam Eldeeb , Hirley Alves

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims at learning a good policy from a batch of collected data, without extra interactions with the environment during training. However, current offline RL benchmarks commonly have a large reality gap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Rongjun Qin , Songyi Gao , Xingyuan Zhang , Zhen Xu , Shengkai Huang , Zewen Li , Weinan Zhang , Yang Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

HRI research increasingly demands robots that go beyond task execution to respond meaningfully to user emotions. This is especially needed when supporting students with learning difficulties in game-based learning scenarios. Here, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Soon Jynn Chu , Raju Gottumukkala , Alan Barhorst

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find performant policies from logged data without further environment interaction. Model-based algorithms, which learn a model of the environment from the dataset and perform conservative policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Marc Rigter , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to unlock capabilities beyond imitation learning for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, but its requirement for massive real-world interaction prevents direct deployment on physical robots. Recent work…

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL), which builds a supervised transition model with logging dataset to avoid costly interactions with the online environment, has been a promising approach for offline policy optimization. As the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Junming Yang , Xingguo Chen , Shengyuan Wang , Bolei Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models achieve strong generalization through large-scale pre-training, but real-world deployment requires expert-level task proficiency in addition to broad generality. Existing post-training approaches for VLA…

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) improves sample efficiency by leveraging pre-collected datasets prior to online interaction. A key challenge, however, is learning an accurate critic in large state--action spaces with limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Andrew Choi , Wei Xu

Recently, vision-language model (VLM) agents have shown promising progress in open-world tasks, where successful task completion often requires multiple turns of visual perception and action execution. However, existing methods still rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiongbin Wu , Zhihao Luo , Shanzhe Lei , Lechao Zhang , Xuhong Wang , Jie Yang , Zhonglong Zheng , Yuanjie Zheng , Xin Tan , Wei Liu

Meta-reinforcement learning (RL) methods can meta-train policies that adapt to new tasks with orders of magnitude less data than standard RL, but meta-training itself is costly and time-consuming. If we can meta-train on offline data, then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Vitchyr H. Pong , Ashvin Nair , Laura Smith , Catherine Huang , Sergey Levine