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Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a popular formalism to specify temporal patterns with timing constraints over the behavior of cyber-physical systems with application areas ranging in property-based testing, robotics, optimization, and…
The recent technique for estimating lower bounds of the prime counting function $\pi(x)=#\{p \leq x: p\text{ prime}\}$ by means of the irrationality measures $\mu(\zeta(s)) \geq 2$ of special values of the zeta function claims that $\pi(x)…
While there are many identities involving the Euler and Bernoulli numbers, they are usually proved analytically or inductively. We prove two identities involving Euler and Bernoulli numbers with combinatorial reasoning via up-down…
Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the standard specification language for reactive systems and is successfully applied in industrial settings. However, many shortcomings of LTL have been identified in the literature, among them the limited…
There are two natural and well-studied approaches to temporal ontology and reasoning: point-based and interval-based. Usually, interval-based temporal reasoning deals with points as a particular case of duration-less intervals. A recent…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning tasks when guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, they tend to produce highly confident yet incorrect outputs, which poses significant…
Inference-time computation has emerged as a promising scaling axis for improving large language model reasoning. However, despite yielding impressive performance, the optimal allocation of inference-time computation remains poorly…
In the wake of the recent resurgence of the Datalog language of databases, together with its extensions for ontological reasoning settings, this work aims to bridge the gap between the theoretical studies of DatalogMTL (Datalog extended…
We consider the problem of counting the number of answers to a first-order formula on a finite structure. We present and study an extension of first-order logic in which algorithms for this counting problem can be naturally and conveniently…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for writing economic analysis reports or providing financial advice, but their ability to understand economic knowledge and reason about potential results of specific economic events lacks…
Warning: This paper contains a mistake, rendering the proof of the main theorem invalid. The logic of Bunched Implications (BI) combines both additive and multiplicative connectives, which include two primitive intuitionistic implications.…
Counting ad infinitum is the holographic observable to a statistical dynamics with finite states under independent repeated sampling. Entropy provides the infinitesimal probability for an observed frequency $\hat{\boldsymbol{\nu}}$ w.r.t. a…
Probabilistic argumentation allows reasoning about argumentation problems in a way that is well-founded by probability theory. However, in practice, this approach can be severely limited by the fact that probabilities are defined by adding…
Hyperproperties are properties of sets of computation traces. In this paper, we study quantitative hyperproperties, which we define as hyperproperties that express a bound on the number of traces that may appear in a certain relation. For…
This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…
Hyperproperties generalize trace properties by expressing relations between multiple computations. Hyperpropertes include policies from information-flow security, like observational determinism or non-interference, and many other system…
We enhance elementary quantum mechanics with three simple postulates that enable us to define time observable. We discuss shortly justification of the new postulates and illustrate the concept with the detailed analysis of a delta function…
The concept of time mostly plays a subordinate role in finance and economics. The assumption is that time flows continuously and that time series data should be analyzed at regular, equidistant intervals. Nonetheless, already nearly 60…
We demonstrate that temporal observables, which are sensitive to a system's history (as opposed to its state), implicate entangled histories. We exemplify protocols for measuring such observables, and algorithms for predicting the…
In this paper, we prove measurability of event for which a general continuous-time stochastic process satisfies continuous-time Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) formula. Continuous-time MTL can define temporal constrains for physical system in…