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Uncertainty estimation is crucial in scientific data for machine learning. Current uncertainty estimation methods mainly focus on the model's inherent uncertainty, while neglecting the explicit modeling of noise in the data. Furthermore,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Guangxuan Song , Dongmei Fu , Zhongwei Qiu , Jintao Meng , Dawei Zhang

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization, but it has a perplexity hyperparameter that requires manual selection. In practice, proper tuning of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Yanshuai Cao , Luyu Wang

T-SNE is a well-known approach to embedding high-dimensional data and has been widely used in data visualization. The basic assumption of t-SNE is that the data are non-constrained in the Euclidean space and the local proximity can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Mian Wang , Dong Wang

This study presents a pipeline leveraging t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for interpretable visualizations of chirp features across diverse outcome scenarios. The dataset, comprising chirp-based temporal, spectral, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Nooshin Bahador , Milad Lankarany

The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) algorithm has become in recent years one of the most used and insightful techniques for the exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional data. tSNE reveals clusters of high-dimensional…

Widely used pipelines for analyzing high-dimensional data utilize two-dimensional visualizations. These are created, for instance, via t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). A crucial element of the t-SNE embedding procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Martin Skrodzki , Nicolas F. Chaves-de-Plaza , Thomas Höllt , Elmar Eisemann , Klaus Hildebrandt

Most existing graph visualization methods based on dimension reduction are limited to relatively small graphs due to performance issues. In this work, we propose a novel dimension reduction method for graph visualization, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinyu Li , Yao Xiao , Yuchen Zhou

Contrastive learning, especially self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL), has achieved great success in extracting powerful features from unlabeled data. In this work, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of SSCL and uncover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Tianyang Hu , Zhili Liu , Fengwei Zhou , Wenjia Wang , Weiran Huang

Neighbor Embedding (NE) aims to preserve pairwise similarities between data items and has been shown to yield an effective principle for data visualization. However, even the best existing NE methods such as Stochastic Neighbor Embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Zhirong Yang , Yuwei Chen , Denis Sedov , Samuel Kaski , Jukka Corander

This work is concerned with the continuum limit of a graph-based data visualization technique called the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), which is widely used for visualizing data in a variety of applications, but is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Jeff Calder , Zhonggan Huang , Ryan Murray , Adam Pickarski

Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) algorithms like UMAP and tSNE often produce visualizations that do not preserve the geometry of noisy and high dimensional data. In particular, they can spuriously separate connected components of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tristan Luca Saidi , Abigail Hickok , Bastian Rieck , Andrew J. Blumberg

We introduce an unsupervised formulation to estimate heteroscedastic uncertainty in retrieval systems. We propose an extension to triplet loss that models data uncertainty for each input. Besides improving performance, our formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Ahmed Taha , Yi-Ting Chen , Teruhisa Misu , Abhinav Shrivastava , Larry Davis

The quality of GAN-generated images on the MNIST dataset was explored in this paper by comparing them to the original images using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t- SNE) visualization. A GAN was trained with the dataset to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Okan Düzyel

Data visualisation is a key tool in data mining for understanding big datasets. Many visualisation methods have been proposed, including the well-regarded state-of-the-art method t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Andrew Lensen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

It is critical yet challenging for deep learning models to properly characterize uncertainty that is pervasive in real-world environments. Although a lot of efforts have been made, such as heteroscedastic neural networks (HNNs), little work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Peng Cui , Zhijie Deng , Wenbo Hu , Jun Zhu

We introduce a nonlinear method for directly embedding large, sparse, stochastic graphs into low-dimensional spaces, without requiring vertex features to reside in, or be transformed into, a metric space. Graph data and models are prevalent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Nikos Pitsianis , Alexandros-Stavros Iliopoulos , Dimitris Floros , Xiaobai Sun

We present S+t-SNE, an adaptation of the t-SNE algorithm designed to handle infinite data streams. The core idea behind S+t-SNE is to update the t-SNE embedding incrementally as new data arrives, ensuring scalability and adaptability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pedro C. Vieira , João P. Montrezol , João T. Vieira , João Gama

Dimensionality reduction and manifold learning methods such as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) are routinely used to map high-dimensional data into a 2-dimensional space to visualize and explore the data. However, two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Bo Kang , Darío García García , Jefrey Lijffijt , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Tijl De Bie

Correct risk estimation of policyholders is of great significance to auto insurance companies. While the current tools used in this field have been proven in practice to be quite efficient and beneficial, we argue that there is still a lot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Joseph Levitas , Konstantin Yavilberg , Oleg Korol , Genadi Man

This paper applies t-SNE, a visualisation technique familiar from Deep Neural Network research to argumentation graphs by applying it to the output of graph embeddings generated using several different methods. It shows that such a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Lars Malmqvist , Tommy Yuan , Suresh Manandhar