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Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a novel class of generative models designed to sample from unnormalized distributions and have found applications in various important tasks, attracting great research interest in their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rui Hu , Yifan Zhang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Deep reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable performance in various domains by leveraging deep neural networks for approximating value functions and policies. However, using neural networks to approximate value functions or policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yiqin Tan , Ling Pan , Longbo Huang

Generative Flow Networks for continuous scenarios (CFlowNets) have shown promise in solving sequential decision-making tasks by learning stochastic policies using a flow and a retrieval network. Despite their demonstrated efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zahin Sufiyan , Shadan Golestan , Yoshihiro Mitsuka , Shotaro Miwa , Osmar Zaiane

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) learn to sample diverse candidates in proportion to a reward function, making them well-suited for scientific discovery, where exploring multiple promising solutions is crucial. Further extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Seokwon Yoon , Youngbin Choi , Seunghyuk Cho , Seungbeom Lee , MoonJeong Park , Dongwoo Kim

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a new family of probabilistic samplers where an agent learns a stochastic policy for generating complex combinatorial structure through a series of decision-making steps. Despite being inspired from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dinghuai Zhang , Ling Pan , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a family of algorithms for training a sequential sampler of discrete objects under an unnormalized target density and have been successfully used for various probabilistic modeling tasks. Existing…

Multitask Representation Learning (MRL) has emerged as a prevalent technique to improve sample efficiency in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Empirical studies have found that training agents on multiple tasks simultaneously within online and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rui Lu , Yang Yue , Andrew Zhao , Simon Du , Gao Huang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, this accuracy-oriented learning paradigm often suffers from entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hongye Cao , Zhixin Bai , Ziyue Peng , Boyan Wang , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yuyao Zhang , Yang Gao

Deep learning is emerging as an effective tool in drug discovery, with potential applications in both predictive and generative models. Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets/GFNs) are a recently introduced method recognized for the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Elaine Lau , Nikhil Vemgal , Doina Precup , Emmanuel Bengio

Many crucial scientific problems involve designing novel molecules with desired properties, which can be formulated as a black-box optimization problem over the discrete chemical space. In practice, multiple conflicting objectives and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Yiheng Zhu , Jialu Wu , Chaowen Hu , Jiahuan Yan , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou , Jian Wu

Graph generation is a fundamental task with broad applications, such as drug discovery. Recently, discrete flow matching-based graph generation, \aka, graph flow model (GFM), has emerged due to its superior performance and flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Baoheng Zhu , Deyu Bo , Delvin Ce Zhang , Xiao Wang

The online optimization of gasoline blending benefits refinery economies. However, the nonlinear blending mechanism, the oil property fluctuations, and the blending model mismatch bring difficulties to the optimization. To solve the above…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Muyi Huang , Renchu He , Xin Dai , Xin Peng , Wenli Du , Feng Qian

The effective training of Large Language Models (LLMs) for function calling faces a critical challenge: balancing exploration of complex reasoning paths with stable policy optimization. Standard methods like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Personalized recommender systems fulfill the daily demands of customers and boost online businesses. The goal is to learn a policy that can generate a list of items that matches the user's demand or interest. While most existing methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Zhankui He , Bowen Sun , Julian McAuley , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Finding effective prompts for language models (LMs) is critical yet notoriously difficult: the prompt space is combinatorially large, rewards are sparse due to expensive target-LM evaluation. Yet, existing RL-based prompt optimizers often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junmo Cho , Suhan Kim , Sangjune An , Minsu Kim , Dong Bok Lee , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Hae Beom Lee

The Generative Flow Network is a probabilistic framework where an agent learns a stochastic policy for object generation, such that the probability of generating an object is proportional to a given reward function. Its effectiveness has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Ling Pan , Dinghuai Zhang , Aaron Courville , Longbo Huang , Yoshua Bengio

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a family of algorithms that learn a generative policy to sample discrete objects $x$ with non-negative reward $R(x)$. Learning objectives guarantee the GFlowNet samples $x$ from the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Max W. Shen , Emmanuel Bengio , Ehsan Hajiramezanali , Andreas Loukas , Kyunghyun Cho , Tommaso Biancalani

In recent years deep neural networks have been successfully applied to the domains of reinforcement learning \cite{bengio2009learning,krizhevsky2012imagenet,hinton2006reducing}. Deep reinforcement learning \cite{mnih2015human} is reported…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Huihui Zhang , Wu Huang

This work applies Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) to three graph optimization problems: the Traveling Salesperson Problem, Minimum Spanning Tree, and Shortest Path. GFlowNets are generative models that learn to sample solutions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mark Phillip Matovic

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a classical tool to solve network control or policy optimization problems in unknown environments. The original Q-learning suffers from performance and complexity challenges across very large networks. Herein,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Talha Bozkus , Urbashi Mitra