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As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in healthcare delivery, this chapter explores the critical aspects of developing reliable and ethical Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). Beginning with the fundamental…
Ensuring equitable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare demands systems that make unbiased decisions across all demographic groups, bridging technical innovation with ethical principles. Foundation Models (FMs), trained on vast…
Research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasing, aiming to make deep learning models more transparent. Most XAI methods focus on justifying the decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in security-relevant…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is based on theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In this context, deep learning is a family of computational methods that allow an…
Electronic Health Records (EHR) have revolutionized healthcare by digitizing patient data, improving accessibility, and streamlining clinical workflows. However, extracting meaningful insights from these complex and multimodal datasets…
In modern dynamic constantly developing society, more and more people suffer from chronic and serious diseases and doctors and patients need special and sophisticated medical and health support. Accordingly, prominent health stakeholders…
Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to enhance clinical decision-making by interpreting various types of medical data. However, the effectiveness of these models across all medical fields is uncertain. Each…
Feature selection is a combinatorial optimization problem that is NP-hard. Conventional approaches often employ heuristic or greedy strategies, which are prone to premature convergence and may fail to capture subtle yet informative…
In this study, we investigated the application of bio-inspired optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Whale Optimization Algorithm, for feature selection in chronic disease prediction. The…
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies holds transformative potential for the healthcare sector. In critical situations requiring immediate decision-making, healthcare professionals can leverage machine learning…
With the growing prevalence of machine learning and artificial intelligence-based medical decision support systems, it is equally important to ensure that these systems provide patient outcomes in a fair and equitable fashion. This paper…
In clinical diagnosis, diagnostic images that are obtained from the scanning devices serve as preliminary evidence for further investigation in the process of delivering quality healthcare. However, often the medical image may contain fault…
Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) algorithms in medicine provide patient-specific decision support for physicians. These algorithms are usually applied after full acquisition of high-dimensional multimodal examination data, and often assume…
The rapid accumulation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has transformed healthcare by providing valuable data that enhance clinical predictions and diagnoses. While conventional machine learning models have proven effective, they often…
Artificial Intelligence in healthcare is a new and exciting frontier and the possibilities are endless. With deep learning approaches beating human performances in many areas, the logical next step is to attempt their application in the…
Deep learning has significantly advanced automatic medical diagnostics and released the occupation of human resources to reduce clinical pressure, yet the persistent challenge of data scarcity in this area hampers its further improvements…
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in automated disease classification significantly reduces healthcare costs and improves the accessibility of services. However, this transformation has given rise to concerns about the fairness of AI,…
Precision medicine, tailored to individual patients based on their genetics, environment, and lifestyle, shows promise in managing complex diseases like infections. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into precision medicine can…
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to improve healthcare through automation that enhances the quality and safety of patient care. Powered by foundation models that have been pretrained and can generate complex…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly improved medical screening accuracy, particularly in cancer detection and risk assessment. However, traditional classification metrics often fail to account for imbalanced data, varying…