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Existing Large Language Model (LLM) based autoregressive (AR) text-to-speech (TTS) systems, while achieving state-of-the-art quality, still face critical challenges. The foundation of this LLM-based paradigm is the discretization of the…

Cascaded speech-to-speech translation systems often suffer from the error accumulation problem and high latency, which is a result of cascaded modules whose inference delays accumulate. In this paper, we propose a transducer-based speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Jinzheng Zhao , Niko Moritz , Egor Lakomkin , Ruiming Xie , Zhiping Xiu , Katerina Zmolikova , Zeeshan Ahmed , Yashesh Gaur , Duc Le , Christian Fuegen

Zero-shot multi-speaker text-to-speech (ZS-TTS) systems have advanced for English, however, it still lags behind due to insufficient resources. We address this gap for Arabic, a language of more than 450 million native speakers, by first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Khai Duy Doan , Abdul Waheed , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

While state-of-the-art Text-to-Speech systems can generate natural speech of very high quality at sentence level, they still meet great challenges in speech generation for paragraph / long-form reading. Such deficiencies are due to i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yujia Xiao , Shaofei Zhang , Xi Wang , Xu Tan , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Frank K. Soong , Tan Lee

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to generate voice responses directly to users' spoken queries. Despite their increasing popularity, there exists a gap in research focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chengqian Ma , Wei Tao , Yiwen Guo

Multi-modal dialog modeling is of growing interest. In this work, we propose frameworks to resolve a specific case of multi-modal dialog generation that better mimics multi-modal dialog generation in the real world, where each dialog turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Shuhe Wang , Yuxian Meng , Xiaofei Sun , Fei Wu , Rongbin Ouyang , Rui Yan , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

Full-duplex multimodal large language models (LLMs) provide a unified framework for addressing diverse speech understanding and generation tasks, enabling more natural and seamless human-machine conversations. Unlike traditional modularised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Wenyi Yu , Siyin Wang , Xiaoyu Yang , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Guangzhi Sun , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

New multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are continuously being trained and deployed, following rapid development cycles. This generative AI frenzy is driving steady increases in energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Marta López-Rauhut , Loic Landrieu , Mathieu Aubry , Anne-Laure Ligozat

Dialogue disentanglement aims to detach the chronologically ordered utterances into several independent sessions. Conversation utterances are essentially organized and described by the underlying discourse, and thus dialogue disentanglement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Bobo Li , Hao Fei , Fei Li , Shengqiong Wu , Lizi Liao , Yinwei Wei , Tat-Seng Chua , Donghong Ji

Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A typical text-to-speech system converts a language text into a waveform. There exist many English TTS systems that produce mature, natural, and human-like speech synthesizers.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-23 Fady Fahmy , Mahmoud Khalil , Hazem Abbas

Zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) has gained significant attention due to its powerful voice cloning capabilities, requiring only a few seconds of unseen speaker voice prompts. However, all previous work has been developed for cloud-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-04 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Hanting Wang , Jialong Zuo , Zhou Zhao

The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Generating spoken dialogue is inherently more complex than monologue text-to-speech (TTS), as it demands both realistic turn-taking and the maintenance of distinct speaker timbres. While existing autoregressive (AR) models have made…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Han Zhu , Wei Kang , Liyong Guo , Zengwei Yao , Fangjun Kuang , Weiji Zhuang , Zhaoqing Li , Zhifeng Han , Dong Zhang , Xin Zhang , Xingchen Song , Lingxuan Ye , Long Lin , Daniel Povey

Previous research on empathetic dialogue systems has mostly focused on generating responses given certain emotions. However, being empathetic not only requires the ability of generating emotional responses, but more importantly, requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Jamin Shin , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue Systems (TDSs) have attracted a lot of attention for their superiority (e.g., in terms of global optimization) over pipeline modularized TDSs. Previous studies on end-to-end TDSs use a single-module model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Jiahuan Pei , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke

Multimodal conversational agents are highly desirable because they offer natural and human-like interaction. However, there is a lack of comprehensive end-to-end solutions to support collaborative development and benchmarking. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Qiang Sun , Yuanyi Luo , Sirui Li , Wenxiao Zhang , Wei Liu

Human conversation is organized by an implicit chain of thoughts that manifests as timed speech acts. Capturing this causal pathway is key to building natural full-duplex interactive systems. We introduce a framework that enables reasoning…

Although text-to-speech (TTS) systems have significantly improved, most TTS systems still have limitations in synthesizing speech with appropriate phrasing. For natural speech synthesis, it is important to synthesize the speech with a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Ji-Sang Hwang , Sang-Hoon Lee , Seong-Whan Lee

Recent advances in spoken dialogue language models have shifted from turn-based to full-duplex designs, where the model continuously listens to the user while generating responses. However, existing duplex backbones still lack a native…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Haoyang Zhang , Jun Chen , Donghang Wu , Yuxin Li , Yuxin Zhang , Xiangyu Tony Zhang , Che Liu , Qingjian Lin , Yizhou Peng , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng , Chao Yan , Boyong Wu , Yechang Huang , Xuerui Yang , Fei Tian

In dialogue systems, discourse plays a crucial role in managing conversational focus and coordinating interactions. It consists of two key structures: rhetorical structure and topic structure. The former captures the logical flow of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiahui Xu , Feng Jiang , Anningzhe Gao , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Haizhou Li