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This paper investigates the limits to which a passive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) can reshape a point-to-point Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel in terms of singular values and their functions (e.g., achievable rate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Yang Zhao , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx , Massimo Franceschetti

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communication systems due to their ability to control the propagation environment in a hardware- and energy-efficient way. Recently, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been implemented so far with diagonal RIS (D-RIS), while SIM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technology to seamlessly charge low-power devices, but its low end-to-end power transfer efficiency remains a critical challenge. To address the latter, low-cost…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Amirhossein Azarbahram , Onel L. A. Lopez , Bruno Clerckx , Marco Di Renzo , Matti Latva-Aho

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been receiving a notable interest as an energy- and spectrum-efficient enabler for simultaneous communication and sensing. Notably, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is among the key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

The beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a recent architecture in which scattering elements are interconnected to enhance the degrees of freedom for wave control, yielding performance gains over traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Gilderlan Tavares de Araújo , André L. F. de Almeida , Buno Sokal , Gabor Fodor

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) due to its ability to manipulate wireless environments for better connectivity. Significant studies have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Wali Ullah Khan , Asad Mahmood , Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Eva Lagunas , Manzoor Ahmed , Symeon Chatzinotas

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) improves the traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture functionality by interconnecting elements for advanced wave control. However, real-world…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Jose Carlos da Silva Filho , Josué V. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has recently been introduced to enable advanced control over electromagnetic waves to further increase the benefits of traditional RIS in enhancing signal quality and improving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Binggui Zhou , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed recently as a novel and generalized RIS architecture that offers enhanced wave manipulation flexibility and large coverage expansion. However, the beyond-diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient technology to enhance the coverage of wireless communications within the upcoming 6G networks. Recently, novel extensions of this technology,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-07 Mostafa Samy , Hayder Al-Hraishawi , Abuzar B. M. Adam , Konstantinos Ntontin , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Otteresten

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), with its enhanced degrees of freedom compared to conventional RIS, has demonstrated notable potential for enhancing wireless communication performance. However, a key challenge in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Yijie Liu , Weidong Mei , He Sun , Dong Wang , Peilan Wang

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed to generalize conventional RIS. BD-RIS has a scattering matrix that is not restricted to being diagonal and thus brings a performance improvement over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) hold significant promise for enhancing physical layer security (PLS). However, conventional RISs are typically modeled using diagonal scattering matrices, capturing only independent reflections…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Weijie Xiong , Jingran Lin , Cunhua Pan , Yilong Zeng , Qiang Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of the wireless propagation environment and are key enablers for future networks. Beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) architectures enhance conventional RIS by interconnecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Matteo Nerini , Zheyu Wu , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This paper delves into the unexplored frequency-dependent characteristics of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs). A generalized practical frequency-dependent reflection model is proposed as a fundamental framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-25 Arthur S. de Sena , Mehdi Rasti , Nurul H. Mahmood , Matti Latva-aho

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has arisen as a promising technology for enhancing wireless communication systems by enabling flexible and intelligent wave manipulation. This is achieved through the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Ziang Liu , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication, has been considered widely as one of the revolutionary technologies for next generation networks. However, due to the novel propagation characteristics of RISs, underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jian Sang , Mingyong Zhou , Jifeng Lan , Boning Gao , Wankai Tang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Ertugrul Basar , Cen Li , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

The shift toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications demands transceiver architectures that simultaneously support high-data-rate communications, pervasive sensing, and sub-meter-level localization. Beyond these performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mahmoud Raeisi , Ayoub Ammar Boudjelal , Henk Wymeersch , Ertugrul Basar , Huseyin Arslan

This work initiates the study of a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided transmitter architecture for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band. Deploying BD-RIS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao