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The third law of black hole dynamics states that the surface gravity (temperature) of black hole cannot be reduced to zero in finite sequence of physical interactions. We argue that the same is true when surface gravity is replaced by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Naresh Dadhich , K. Narayan

Recent results of quantum field theory on a curved spacetime suggest that extremal black holes are not thermal objects and that the notion of zero temperature is ill-defined for them. If this is correct, one may have to go to a full…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Stefano Liberati , Tony Rothman , Sebastiano Sonego

The third law of black hole dynamics states that it is impossible, through any classical perturbation of a stationary configuration, to reduce the surface gravity of a black hole to zero. In this work, we examine the validity of this law…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Jyotirmoy De , Chiranjeeb Singha , Naresh Dadhich

We consider the generalized laws of thermodynamics in massive gravity. Making use of explicit black hole solutions, we devise black hole merger processes in which i) total entropy of the system decreases ii) the zero-temperature extremal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-19 Fabio Capela , Peter G. Tinyakov

Working in the framework of generalized statistics, the problem of establishing the third law of thermodynamics in the black hole physics is studied by focusing on Schwarzschild black hole which easily and clearly exposes the violation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-28 H. Moradpour , A. H. Ziaie , Iarley P. Lobo , J. P. Morais Graça , U. K. Sharma , A. Sayahian Jahromi

The thermodynamics of Maxwell-Dilaton (dirty) black holes has been extensively studied. It has served as a fertile ground to test ideas about temperature through various definitions of surface gravity. In this paper, we make an independent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-02 C S Lopez-Monsalvo , F Nettel , H Quevedo

We discuss in the framework of black hole thermodynamics some aspects relative to the third law in the case of black holes of the Kerr-Newman family. In the light of the standard proof of the equivalence between the unattainability of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 F. Belgiorno , M. Martellini

The almost perfect correspondence between certain laws of classical black hole mechanics and the ordinary laws of thermodynamics is spoiled by the failure of the conventional back hole analogue of the third law. Our aim here is to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Istvan Racz

Some problems have been found as to the definition of entropy of black hole being applied to the extremal Kerr-Newman case, which has conflicts with the third law of thermodynamics. We have proposed a new modification for the near extremal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hai Lin

We investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic laws governing rotating regular black holes. By analyzing dynamic properties, i.e., the interaction between scalar particles and rotating regular black holes, we establish the criteria that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-21 Hao Yang , Chang-Jiang Yu , Yan-Gang Miao

The close similarities of the three laws of black hole mechanics, discovered by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking, with the laws of thermodynamics led to the identification of a multiple of the area of the event horizon with entropy. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-01 Bogeun Gwak , Bum-Hoon Lee

We prove that higher-dimension operators contribute positively to the entropy of a thermodynamically stable black hole at fixed mass and charge. Our results apply whenever the dominant corrections originate at tree level from quantum field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-08 Clifford Cheung , Junyu Liu , Grant N. Remmen

The weak gravity conjecture implies the necessary existence of particles with charge-to-mass ratio $q/m \geq 1$ so that the extremal charged black hole can completely evaporate without leaving a dangerous stable extremal remnant while…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-15 Rance Solomon , Dejan Stojkovic

The first and second laws of black hole thermodynamics are verified to emerge from a generic semiclassical theory of gravity for which a Hamiltonian can be defined. The first law is established for stationary spacetimes, and the second law…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-07 Bruno Arderucio-Costa

We show that an analytical continuation of the Vuorio solution to three-dimensional topologically massive gravity leads to a two-parameter family of black hole solutions, which are geodesically complete and causally regular within a certain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Karim Ait Moussa , Gerard Clement , Cedric Leygnac

A general definition of a black hole is given, and general `laws of black-hole dynamics' derived. The definition involves something similar to an apparent horizon, a trapping horizon, defined as a hypersurface foliated by marginal surfaces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Sean A. Hayward

We investigate dyonic black holes in a weak field expansion of non-linear electrodynamics. The breadth of parameter space permits a rich thermodynamic structure, additional turning points and intricate phase phenomena. Energy conditions are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-07 Lewis Croney , Ruth Gregory , Carlos J. Ramírez-Valdez

We demonstrate numerically the existence of solutions of five-dimensional vacuum gravity describing the formation, in finite time, of an extremal rotating black hole from a pre-existing Schwarzschild black hole. This is the first example of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-30 John R. V. Crump , Maxime Gadioux , Harvey S. Reall , Jorge E. Santos

Critical gravity is a quadratic curvature gravity in four dimensions which is ghost-free around the AdS background. Constructing a Vaidya-type exact solution, we show that the area of a black hole defined by a future outer trapping horizon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-01 Hideki Maeda , Robert Svarc , Jiri Podolsky
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