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The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration recently released horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole M87*. These images are consistently described by an optically thin, lensed accretion flow in the Kerr spacetime. General…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-24 Hadrien Paugnat , Alexandru Lupsasca , Frédéric Vincent , Maciek Wielgus

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales, providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion processes. The Event…

The EHT collaboration released in 2019 the first horizon-scale images of a black hole accretion flow, opening a novel route for plasma physics comprehension and gravitational tests. Although the present unresolved images deeply depend on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-01 I. Urso , F. H. Vincent , M. Wielgus , T. Paumard , G. Perrin

The direct detection of a bright, ring-like structure in horizon-resolving images of M87* by the Event Horizon Telescope is a striking validation of general relativity. The angular size and shape of the ring is a degenerate measure of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-09 Avery E. Broderick , Paul Tiede , Dominic W. Pesce , Roman Gold

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is providing unprecedented high-resolution images of supermassive black holes. These images are fundamentally related to properties of the luminous accretion disks, since black holes themselves produce no…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-13 Alexandra G. Guerrero , Daniel E. Holz

The imaging by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) of the supermassive central objects at the heart of the M87 and Milky Way (Sgr A$^\star$) galaxies, has marked the first step into peering at the photon rings and central brightness…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-17 Luís F. Dias da Silva , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Diego Rubiera-Garcia

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has imaged two supermassive black holes, Messier 87* (M87*) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). The theoretical analyses of each source suggest magnetically arrested…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-16 Kaitlyn M. Shavelle , Daniel C. M. Palumbo

The observation of the shadow of the supermassive black hole M87$^{*}$ by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is sensitive to the spacetime geometry near the circular photon orbit and beyond, and it thus has the potential to test general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-19 Guillermo Lara , Sebastian H. Völkel , Enrico Barausse

General Relativity predicts that the emission close to a black hole must be lensed by its strong gravitational field, illuminating the last photon orbit. This results in a dark circular area known as the black hole 'shadow'. The Event…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-02 Leonid Benkevitch , Kazunori Akiyama , Rusen Lu , Shepherd Doeleman , Vincent Fish

Black hole images obtained by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) by the Event Horizon Telescope are a new tool for testing general relativity in super-strong gravitational fields. These images demonstrated a ring-like structure which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-06 S. V. Chernov , M. A. Shchurov , I. I. Bulygin , A. G. Rudnitskiy

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global sub-millimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, is now resolving the innermost regions around the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87. Using black hole images from both…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Angelo Ricarte , Jason Dexter

There are now multiple direct probes of the region near black hole horizons, including direct imaging with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). As a result, it is now of considerable interest to identify what aspects of the underlying…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-06 Kiana Salehi , Avery Broderick , Boris Georgiev

Simulated images of a black hole surrounded by optically thin emission typically display two main features: a central brightness depression and a narrow, bright "photon ring" consisting of strongly lensed images superposed on top of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-08 Andrew Chael , Michael D. Johnson , Alexandru Lupsasca

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-21 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

Currently envisioned extensions of the Event Horizon Telescope to space will soon target the black hole photon ring: a narrow ring-shaped imprint of a black hole's strong gravity produced in its images by highly bent photon trajectories. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-24 Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Lennox Keeble , Alexandru Lupsasca

We demonstrate the unprecedented capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to image the innermost dark matter profile in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 radio galaxy. We present the first model…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-31 Thomas Lacroix , Mansour Karami , Avery E. Broderick , Joseph Silk , Celine Boehm

High-frequency very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations can now resolve the horizon-scale emission from sources in the immediate vicinity of nearby supermassive black holes. Future space-VLBI observations will access highly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 Frederic H. Vincent , Samuel E. Gralla , Alexandru Lupsasca , Maciek Wielgus

Interferometers, such as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), do not directly observe the images of sources but rather measure their Fourier components at discrete spatial frequencies up to a maximum value set by the longest baseline in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-15 Dimitrios Psaltis , Lia Medeiros , Tod R. Lauer , Chi-Kwan Chan , Feryal Ozel

Nowadays, astronomers perform point spread function (PSF) fitting for most types of observational data. Interpolation of the PSF is often an intermediate step in such algorithms. In the case of the Multi-AO Imaging Camera for Deep…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-11 Mariia Demianenko , Joerg-Uwe Pott , Kai Polsterer

We investigate the origin of the elliptical ring structure observed in the images of the supermassive black hole M87*, aiming to disentangle contributions from gravitational, astrophysical, and imaging effects. Leveraging the enhanced…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-16 Rohan Dahale , Ilje Cho , Kotaro Moriyama , Kaj Wiik , Paul Tiede , José L. Gómez , Chi-kwan Chan , Roman Gold , Vadim Y. Bernshteyn , Marianna Foschi , Britton Jeter , Hung-Yi Pu , Boris Georgiev , Abhishek V. Joshi , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Iniyan Natarajan , Avery E. Broderick , León D. S. Salas , Koushik Chatterjee , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Uwe Bach , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas Ferreira Carlos , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Dominic O. Chang , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Pierre Christian , Nicholas S. Conroy , John E. Conway , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Gertie Geertsema , Ciriaco Goddi , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Adam C. Jones , Taehyun Jung , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , Joshua Montgomery , James M. Moran , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Hendrik Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Dhanya G. Nair , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Chunchong Ni , Michael A. Nowak , Junghwan Oh , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Jongho Park , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Ben Prather , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Luciano Rezzolla , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Jan Röder , Freek Roelofs , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Saurabh , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Jonathan Schonfeld , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Sasikumar Silpa , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Efthalia Traianou , Tyler Trent , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , Gunther Witzel , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Nitika Yadlapalli , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Ai-Ling Zeng , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao