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Online leading has disrupted the traditional consumer banking sector with more effective loan processing. Risk prediction and monitoring is critical for the success of the business model. Traditional credit score models fall short in…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-07-18 Xiaojiao Yu

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu

In the global economy, credit companies play a central role in economic development, through their activity as money lenders. This important task comes with some drawbacks, mainly the risk of the debtors not being able to repay the provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Giorgio Visani , Federico Chesani , Enrico Bagli , Davide Capuzzo , Alessandro Poluzzi

The rise of algorithmic decision-making has spawned much research on fair machine learning (ML). Financial institutions use ML for building risk scorecards that support a range of credit-related decisions. Yet, the literature on fair ML in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Nikita Kozodoi , Johannes Jacob , Stefan Lessmann

This paper examines two different yet related questions related to explainable AI (XAI) practices. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly important in financial services, such as pre-approval, credit underwriting, investments, and various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Swati Tyagi

In the financial risk domain, particularly in credit default prediction and fraud detection, accurate identification of high-risk class instances is paramount, as their occurrence can have significant economic implications. Although machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xu Sun , Zixuan Qin , Shun Zhang , Yuexian Wang , Li Huang

Scoring models support decision-making in financial institutions. Their estimation and evaluation are based on the data of previously accepted applicants with known repayment behavior. This creates sampling bias: the available labeled data…

In this article we compare the performances of a logistic regression and a feed forward neural network for credit scoring purposes. Our results show that the logistic regression gives quite good results on the dataset and the neural network…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-23 Matthieu Garcin , Samuel Stephan

This study focuses on the problem of credit default prediction, builds a modeling framework based on machine learning, and conducts comparative experiments on a variety of mainstream classification algorithms. Through preprocessing, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shiqi Yang , Ziyi Huang , Wengran Xiao , Xinyu Shen

In the era of the digitally driven economy, where there has been an exponential surge in digital payment systems and other online activities, various forms of fraudulent activities have accompanied the digital growth, out of which credit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ganesh Khekare , Shivam Sunda , Yash Bothra

In an increasingly digitalized commerce landscape, the proliferation of credit card fraud and the evolution of sophisticated fraudulent techniques have led to substantial financial losses. Automating credit card fraud detection is a viable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zaffar Zaffar , Fahad Sohrab , Juho Kanniainen , Moncef Gabbouj

We develop a model to predict consumer default based on deep learning. We show that the model consistently outperforms standard credit scoring models, even though it uses the same data. Our model is interpretable and is able to provide a…

General Economics · Economics 2019-10-07 Stefania Albanesi , Domonkos F. Vamossy

Credit card fraud remains a significant challenge due to class imbalance and fraudsters mimicking legitimate behavior. This study evaluates five machine learning models - Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Iva Popova , Hamza A. A. Gardi

Machine learning (ML) is playing an increasingly important role in rendering decisions that affect a broad range of groups in society. ML models inform decisions in criminal justice, the extension of credit in banking, and the hiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Damien Dablain , Bartosz Krawczyk , Nitesh Chawla

Severe class imbalance is one of the main conditions that make machine learning in cybersecurity difficult. A variety of dataset preprocessing methods have been introduced over the years. These methods modify the training dataset by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Radovan Haluška , Jan Brabec , Tomáš Komárek

Machine learning classifiers often stumble over imbalanced datasets where classes are not equally represented. This inherent bias towards the majority class may result in low accuracy in labeling minority class. Imbalanced learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

As the world is rapidly moving towards digitization and money transactions are becoming cashless, the use of credit cards has rapidly increased. The fraud activities associated with it have also been increasing which leads to a huge loss to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Pooja Tiwari , Simran Mehta , Nishtha Sakhuja , Jitendra Kumar , Ashutosh Kumar Singh

Class imbalance is a frequently occurring scenario in classification tasks. Learning from imbalanced data poses a major challenge, which has instigated a lot of research in this area. Data preprocessing using sampling techniques is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Asif Newaz , Farhan Shahriyar Haq

Credit cards play an exploding role in modern economies. Its popularity and ubiquity have created a fertile ground for fraud, assisted by the cross boarder reach and instantaneous confirmation. While transactions are growing, the fraud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Gayan K. Kulatilleke

With the proliferation of various online and mobile payment systems, credit card fraud has emerged as a significant threat to financial security. This study focuses on innovative applications of the latest Transformer models for more robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Chang Yu , Yongshun Xu , Jin Cao , Ye Zhang , Yinxin Jin , Mengran Zhu