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This paper introduces DroidBot-GPT, a tool that utilizes GPT-like large language models (LLMs) to automate the interactions with Android mobile applications. Given a natural language description of a desired task, DroidBot-GPT can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Hao Wen , Hongming Wang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yuanchun Li

Ensuring usability is crucial for the success of mobile apps. Usability issues can compromise user experience and negatively impact the perceived app quality. This paper presents UX-LLM, a novel tool powered by a Large Vision-Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Ali Ebrahimi Pourasad , Walid Maalej

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

We present AI4UI, a framework of autonomous front-end development agents purpose-built to meet the rigorous requirements of enterprise-grade application delivery. Unlike general-purpose code assistants designed for rapid prototyping, AI4UI…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides a visual bridge between a software application and end users, through which they can interact with each other. With the upgrading of mobile devices and the development of aesthetics, the visual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Yuekai Huang , Jun Hu , Qing Wang

MLLM-based GUI agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex user interface interaction tasks. However, long-horizon scenarios remain challenging, as these agents are burdened with tasks beyond their intrinsic capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengxi Lu , Fei Tang , Guangyi Liu , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jin Ma , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Despite recent progress, Graphic User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex mobile tasks due to limited app-specific knowledge. While UI Transition Graphs (UTGs) offer structured navigation…

There has been a widespread emergence of computing devices in the past few years that go beyond the capabilities of traditional desktop computers. These devices have varying input/output characteristics, modalities and interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mir Farooq Ali , Manuel A. Perez-Quinones , Marc Abrams

To improve the accessibility of smart devices and to simplify their usage, building models which understand user interfaces (UIs) and assist users to complete their tasks is critical. However, unique challenges are proposed by UI-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Chongyang Bai , Xiaoxue Zang , Ying Xu , Srinivas Sunkara , Abhinav Rastogi , Jindong Chen , Blaise Aguera y Arcas

With the increasing interconnection of smart devices, users often desire to adopt the same app on quite different devices for identical tasks, such as watching the same movies on both their smartphones and TVs. However, the significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Han Hu , Ruiqi Dong , John Grundy , Thai Minh Nguyen , Huaxiao Liu , Chunyang Chen

UI task automation enables efficient task execution by simulating human interactions with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), without modifying the existing application code. However, its broader adoption is constrained by the need for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Tian Huang , Chun Yu , Weinan Shi , Zijian Peng , David Yang , Weiqi Sun , Yuanchun Shi

Purpose: Over the last few decades, the development of the hardware and software has enabled the application of advanced systems. In the robotics field, the UI design is an intriguing area to be explored due to the creation of devices with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-31 Daniela Alvarado , Seemal Asif

The importance of computational modeling of mobile user interfaces (UIs) is undeniable. However, these require a high-quality UI dataset. Existing datasets are often outdated, collected years ago, and are frequently noisy with mismatches in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sidong Feng , Suyu Ma , Han Wang , David Kong , Chunyang Chen

Automating the transformation of user interface (UI) designs into front-end code holds significant promise for accelerating software development and democratizing design workflows. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yilei Jiang , Yaozhi Zheng , Yuxuan Wan , Jiaming Han , Qunzhong Wang , Michael R. Lyu , Xiangyu Yue

Popularity and complexity of malicious mobile applications are rising, making their analysis difficult and labor intensive. Mobile application analysis is indeed inherently different from desktop application analysis: In the latter, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Andrea Gianazza , Federico Maggi , Aristide Fattori , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Stefano Zanero

Touch is the primary way that users interact with smartphones. However, building mobile user interfaces where touch interactions work well for all users is a difficult problem, because users have different abilities and preferences. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Jason Wu , Titus Barik , Xiaoyi Zhang , Colin Lea , Jeffrey Nichols , Jeffrey P. Bigham

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is how users interact with mobile apps. To ensure it functions properly, testing engineers have to make sure it functions as intended, based on test requirements that are typically written in natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yongxiang Hu , Xuan Wang , Yingchuan Wang , Yu Zhang , Shiyu Guo , Chaoyi Chen , Xin Wang , Yangfan Zhou

Transforming a graphical user interface screenshot created by a designer into computer code is a typical task conducted by a developer in order to build customized software, websites, and mobile applications. In this paper, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Tony Beltramelli

This paper presents a novel method for user interface (UI) generation based on the Transformer architecture, addressing the increasing demand for efficient and aesthetically pleasing UI designs in software development. Traditional UI design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Shiyu Duan , Runsheng Zhang , Mengmeng Chen , Ziyi Wang , Shixiao Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) has become one of the most significant parts of mobile applications (apps). It is a direct bridge between mobile apps and end users, which directly affects the end user's experience. Neglecting GUI quality can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Ziyuan Tuo , Quanjun Zhang , Chunyang Chen , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su