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The light from a source at a distance d will arrive at detectors separated by 100 AU at times that differ by as much as 120 (d/100 Mpc)^{-1} nanoseconds because of the curvature of the wavefront. At gigahertz frequencies, the arrival time…
Transient radio signals of astrophysical origin present an avenue for studying the dynamic universe. With the next generation of radio interferometers being planned and built, there is great potential for detecting and studying large…
Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation in sensor arrays faces limitations under demanding conditions, including low signal-to-noise ratio, single-snapshot scenarios, coherent sources, and unknown source counts. Conventional beamforming…
Super-resolution ultrasound imaging with ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) offers a high-resolution view of microvascular structures. Yet, ULM image quality heavily relies on precise microbubble (MB) detection. Despite the crucial…
Photon statistics of an optical field can be used for quantum optical sensing in low light level scenarios free of bulky optical components. However, photon-number-resolving detection to unravel the photon statistics is challenging. Here,…
Network intrusion detection systems are an active area of research to identify threats that face computer networks. Network packets comprise of high dimensions which require huge effort to be examined effectively. As these dimensions…
This paper proposes a method for estimating and detecting optical signals in practical photon-counting receivers. There are two important aspects of non-perfect photon-counting receivers, namely, (i) dead time which results in blocking…
Several ongoing and upcoming radio telescopes aim to detect either the global 21 cm signal or the 21 cm power spectrum. The extragalactic radio background, as detected by ARCADE-2 and LWA-1, suggests a strong radio background from cosmic…
In spectroscopic analysis, the peak-based signal-to-noise ratio (pSNR) is commonly used but suffers from limitations such as sensitivity to noise spikes and reduced effectiveness for broader peaks. We introduce the area-based…
Super-resolution (SR) advances astronomical imaging by enabling cost-effective high-resolution capture, crucial for detecting faraway celestial objects and precise structural analysis. However, existing datasets for astronomical SR (ASR)…
As radio telescopes become sensitive, radio frequency interference (RFI) is more and more serious for interesting signals of radio astronomy. There exist demands for developing an automatic, accurate and efficient RFI mitigation method.…
Accurate phase extraction from sinusoidal signals is a crucial task in various signal processing applications. While prior research predominantly addresses the case of asynchronous sampling with unknown signal frequency, this study focuses…
Existing algorithms for fitting the parameters of a sinusoid to noisy discrete time observations are not always successful due to initial value sensitivity and other issues. This paper demonstrates the techniques of FIR filtering, Fast…
Visual noise is often regarded as a disturbance in image quality, whereas it can also provide a crucial clue for image-based forensic tasks. Conventionally, noise is assumed to comprise an additive Gaussian model to be estimated and then…
We describe and compare several post-correlation radio frequency interference classification methods. As data sizes of observations grow with new and improved telescopes, the need for completely automated, robust methods for radio frequency…
In a previous paper, we demonstrated a single-rung method for measuring cosmological distances in active galactic nuclei (AGN) that can be used from low redshift (z < 0.1) to high redshift (z > 3). This method relies on the assumption that…
Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), are millisecond radio signals that exhibit dispersion larger than what the Galactic electron density can account for. We have conducted a 1446 hour survey for Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) at 145~MHz, covering a total…
Accurate direct measurements of far-field thermal infrared emission become increasingly important because conventional methods, relying on indirect assessments, such as reflectance/transmittance, are inaccurate or even unfeasible to…
Lieu et al. (2015) have recently claimed that it is possible to substantially improve the sensitivity of radio astronomical observations. In essence, their proposal is to make use of the intensity of the photon shot noise as a measure of…
We develop a system for measurements of power spectra of transmitted light intensity fluctuations, in which the extraneous noise, including shot noise, is reduced. In essence, we just apply light, measure the power of the transmitted light…