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Revealing universal behaviors is a hallmark of statistical physics. Phenomena such as the stochastic growth of crystalline surfaces, of interfaces in bacterial colonies, and spin transport in quantum magnets all belong to the same…

These notes are based on lectures delivered by the authors at a Langeoog seminar of SFB/TR12 "Symmetries and universality in mesoscopic systems" to a mixed audience of mathematicians and theoretical physicists. After a brief outline of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-17 Thomas Kriecherbauer , Joachim Krug

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class describes a large class of 2-dimensional models of random growth, which exhibit universal scaling exponents and limiting statistics. The last ten years has seen remarkable progress in this…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Evan Sorensen

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation describes a wide range of growth-like phenomena, with applications in physics, chemistry and biology. There are three central questions in the study of KPZ growth: the determination of height…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-03-25 Márcio S. Gomes-Filho , Pablo de Castro , Danilo B. Liarte , Fernando A. Oliveira

The determination of the exact exponents of the KPZ class in any substrate dimension $d$ is one of the most important open issues in Statistical Physics. Based on the behavior of the dimensional variation of some exact exponent differences…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-12-21 Tiago J. Oliveira

The nonequilibrium steady state of the one-dimensional (1D) Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class is studied in-depth by exact solutions, yet no direct experimental evidence of its characteristic statistical properties has been…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-14 Takayasu Iwatsuka , Yohsuke T. Fukai , Kazumasa A. Takeuchi

We conjecture the universal probability distribution at large time for the one-point height in the 1D Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) stochastic growth universality class, with initial conditions interpolating from any one of the three main…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-07 Pierre Le Doussal

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a celebrated non-linear stochastic equation featuring non-equilibrium scaling. Although in one dimension, its statistical properties are very well understood, a new scaling regime has been reported…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-04 Liubov Gosteva , Nicolás Wschebor , Léonie Canet

One-dimensional interacting particle systems, 1+1 random growth models, and two-dimensional directed polymers define 2d height fields. The KPZ universality conjecture posits that an appropriately scaled height function converges to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Jinho Baik

We study the atypically large deviations of the height $H \sim {{\cal O}}(t)$ at the origin at late times in $1+1$-dimensional growth models belonging to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We present exact results for the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-04 Pierre Le Doussal , Satya N. Majumdar , Gregory Schehr

We provide a comprehensive report on scale-invariant fluctuations of growing interfaces in liquid-crystal turbulence, for which we recently found evidence that they belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class for 1+1…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-06-25 Kazumasa A. Takeuchi , Masaki Sano

We obtain several exact results for universal distributions involving the maximum of the Airy$_2$ process minus a parabola and plus a Brownian motion, with applications to the 1D Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) stochastic growth universality…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-12-13 Pierre Le Doussal

One of the main difficulties in proving convergence of discrete models of surface growth to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in dimensions higher than one is that the correct way to take a scaling limit, so that the limit is…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Sourav Chatterjee

We study fluctuations of interfaces in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class with curved initial conditions. By simulations of a cluster growth model and experiments of liquid-crystal turbulence, we determine the universal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-13 Yohsuke T. Fukai , Kazumasa A. Takeuchi

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class is a paradigmatic example of universality in nonequilibrium phenomena, but clear experimental evidences of asymptotic 2D-KPZ statistics are still very rare, and far less understanding stems from its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-26 R. A. L. Almeida , S. O. Ferreira , I. Ferraz , T. J. Oliveira

The one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is becoming an overarching paradigm for the scaling of nonequilibrium, spatially extended, classical and quantum systems with strong correlations. Recent analytical solutions have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-31 Enrique Rodriguez-Fernandez , Silvia N. Santalla , Mario Castro , Rodolfo Cuerno

We study coupled KPZ equations with three control parameters $X,Y,T$. These equations are used in the context of stretched polymers in a random medium, for the spacetime spin-spin correlator of the isotropic quantum Heisenberg chain, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-03 Dipankar Roy , Abhishek Dhar , Manas Kulkarni , Herbert Spohn

We assess the dependence on substrate dimensionality of the asymptotic scaling behavior of a whole family of equations that feature the basic symmetries of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. Even for cases in which, as expected from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 Matteo Nicoli , Rodolfo Cuerno , Mario Castro

Consider a deterministically growing surface of any dimension, where the growth at a point is an arbitrary nonlinear function of the heights at that point and its neighboring points. Assuming that this nonlinear function is monotone,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Sourav Chatterjee

We show that under the 1:2:3 scaling, critically probing large space and time, the height function of finite range asymmetric exclusion processes and the KPZ equation converge to the KPZ fixed point, constructed earlier as a limit of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Jeremy Quastel , Sourav Sarkar