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Last level caches (LLCs) occupy a large chip-area and there size is expected to grow further to offset the limitations of memory bandwidth and speed. Due to high leakage consumption of SRAM device, caches designed with SRAM consume large…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Sparsh Mittal

Supporting Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) in the Internet of Things (IoT) era is challenging due to stringent constraints on latency and reliability combined with the simple circuitry of IoT nodes. Diversity is usually…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Onel L. Alcaraz López , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Hirley Alves

Network switches and routers need to serve packet writes and reads at rates that challenge the most advanced memory technologies. As a result, scaling the switching rates is commonly done by parallelizing the packet I/Os using multiple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Rami Cohen , Yuval Cassuto

Cache plays a critical role in reducing the performance gap between CPU and main memory. A modern multi-core CPU generally employs a multi-level hierarchy of caches, through which the most recently and frequently used data are maintained in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Rui Wang , Chundong Wang , Chongnan Ye

Directory-based protocols have been the de facto solution for maintaining cache coherence in shared-memory parallel systems comprising multi/many cores, where each store instruction is eagerly made globally visible by invalidating the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-10-09 Daofu Liu , Yunji Chen , Qi Guo , Tianshi Chen , Ling Li , Qunfeng Dong , Weiwu Hu

Fast and scalable metadata management across multiple metadata servers is crucial for distributed file systems to handle numerous files and directories. Client-side caching of frequently accessed metadata can mitigate server loads, but…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Qingxiu Liu , Jiazhen Cai , Siyuan Sheng , Yuhui Chen , Lu Tang , Zhirong Shen , Patrick P. C. Lee

The increasing use of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) in computer architecture has brought about new challenges, one of which is the write endurance problem. Frequent writes to a particular cache cell in NVM can lead to degradation of the memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keshav Krishna , Ayush Verma

This paper summarizes the idea of Low-Cost Interlinked Subarrays (LISA), which was published in HPCA 2016, and examines the work's significance and future potential. Contemporary systems perform bulk data movement movement inefficiently, by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Kevin K. Chang , Prashant J. Nair , Saugata Ghose , Donghyuk Lee , Moinuddin K. Qureshi , Onur Mutlu

Modern multicore processors are employing large last-level caches, for example Intel's E7-8800 processor uses 24MB L3 cache. Further, with each CMOS technology generation, leakage energy has been dramatically increasing and hence, leakage…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-10-17 Sparsh Mittal

This article presents svds-C, an open-source and high-performance C program for accurately and robustly computing truncated SVD, e.g. computing several largest singular values and corresponding singular vectors. We have re-implemented the…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xu Feng , Wenjian Yu , Yuyang Xie

In this paper, we propose a 'full-stack' solution to designing high capacity and low latency on-chip cache hierarchies by starting at the circuit level of the hardware design stack. First, we propose a novel Gain Cell (GC) design using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Sarabjeet Singh , Neelam Surana , Pranjali Jain , Joycee Mekie , Manu Awasthi

A key challenge in scaling shared-L1 multi-core clusters towards many-core (more than 16 cores) configurations is to ensure low-latency and efficient access to the L1 memory. In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to scale up the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Matheus Cavalcante , Samuel Riedel , Antonio Pullini , Luca Benini

New PCI-e flash cards and SSDs supporting over 100,000 IOPs are now available, with several usecases in the design of a high performance storage system. By using an array of flash chips, arranged in multiple banks, large capacities are…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2013-02-25 Srimugunthan , K. Gopinath , Giridhar Appaji Nag Yasa

In recent years, researchers have explored use of non-volatile devices such as STT-RAM (spin torque transfer RAM) for designing on-chip caches, since they provide high density and consume low leakage power. A common limitation of all…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-01 Sparsh Mittal

We present LearnedFTL, a new on-demand page-level flash translation layer (FTL) design, which employs learned indexes to improve the address translation efficiency of flash-based SSDs. The first of its kind, it reduces the number of double…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shengzhe Wang , Zihang Lin , Suzhen Wu , Hong Jiang , Jie Zhang , Bo Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and Llama have shown remarkable capabilities in a variety of software engineering tasks. Despite the advancements, their practical deployment faces challenges, including high financial costs, long…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yueyue Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Yuantian Miao

The shift to data-intensive processing from the cloud to the edge has introduced new challenges and expectations for the next generation of intelligent computing systems. As the memory wall continues to grow, modern systems can only meet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Denis Hoornaert , Cole Strickler , Manos Athanassoulis , Marco Caccamo , Heechul Yun , Renato Mancuso

Distributed storage systems typically maintain strong consistency between data nodes and metadata nodes by adopting ordered writes: 1) first installing data; 2) then updating metadata to make data visible.We propose SwitchDelta to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Junru Li , Qing Wang , Zhe Yang , Shuo Liu , Jiwu Shu , Youyou Lu

The computational power of High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems is constantly increasing, however, their input/output (IO) performance grows relatively slowly, and their storage capacity is also limited. This unbalance presents…

The Last Level Cache (LLC) is the processor's critical bridge between on-chip and off-chip memory levels - optimized for high density, high bandwidth, and low operation energy. To date, high-density (HD) SRAM has been the conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Faaiq Waqar , Jungyoun Kwak , Junmo Lee , Minji Shon , Mohammadhosein Gholamrezaei , Kevin Skadron , Shimeng Yu