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This study demonstrates that double descent can be mitigated by adding a dropout layer adjacent to the fully connected linear layer. The unexpected double-descent phenomenon garnered substantial attention in recent years, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Tian-Le Yang , Joe Suzuki

We investigate how the final parameters found by stochastic gradient descent are influenced by over-parameterization. We generate families of models by increasing the number of channels in a base network, and then perform a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Daniel S. Park , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Quoc V. Le , Samuel L. Smith

Proper regularization is critical for speeding up training, improving generalization performance, and learning compact models that are cost efficient. We propose and analyze regularized gradient descent algorithms for learning shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Samet Oymak

Double descent is a phenomenon of over-parameterized statistical models such as deep neural networks which have a re-descending property in their risk function. As the complexity of the model increases, risk exhibits a U-shaped region due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

We study generalised linear regression and classification for a synthetically generated dataset encompassing different problems of interest, such as learning with random features, neural networks in the lazy training regime, and the hidden…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Federica Gerace , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Marc Mézard , Lenka Zdeborová

Assisted by the availability of data and high performance computing, deep learning techniques have achieved breakthroughs and surpassed human performance empirically in difficult tasks, including object recognition, speech recognition, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shaeke Salman , Xiuwen Liu

Regularization is a core component of modern inverse problems, as it helps establish the well-posedness of the solution of interest. Popular regularization approaches include variational regularization and iterative regularization. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Jie Gao , Cesare Molinari , Silvia Villa , Jingwei Liang

We study generalization properties of random features (RF) regression in high dimensions optimized by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in under-/over-parameterized regime. In this work, we derive precise non-asymptotic error bounds of RF…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Fanghui Liu , Johan A. K. Suykens , Volkan Cevher

Continual learning, focused on sequentially learning multiple tasks, has gained significant attention recently. Despite the tremendous progress made in the past, the theoretical understanding, especially factors contributing to catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Meng Ding , Kaiyi Ji , Di Wang , Jinhui Xu

Current deep neural networks are highly overparameterized (up to billions of connection weights) and nonlinear. Yet they can fit data almost perfectly through variants of gradient descent algorithms and achieve unexpected levels of…

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

While training error of most deep neural networks degrades as the depth of the network increases, residual networks appear to be an exception. We show that the main reason for this is the Lyapunov stability of the gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-23 Kamil Nar , Shankar Sastry

We provide (high probability) bounds on the condition number of random feature matrices. In particular, we show that if the complexity ratio $\frac{N}{m}$ where $N$ is the number of neurons and $m$ is the number of data samples scales like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-08 Zhijun Chen , Hayden Schaeffer

The remarkable generalization performance of large-scale models has been challenging the conventional wisdom of the statistical learning theory. Although recent theoretical studies have shed light on this behavior in linear models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-18 Tomoya Wakayama

The double descent (DD) paradox, where over-parameterized models see generalization improve past the interpolation point, remains largely unexplored in the non-stationary domain of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). We present preliminary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Viktor Veselý , Aleksandar Todorov , Matthia Sabatelli

Neural networks trained via gradient descent with random initialization and without any regularization enjoy good generalization performance in practice despite being highly overparametrized. A promising direction to explain this phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Hancheng Min , Salma Tarmoun , Rene Vidal , Enrique Mallada

Neural networks are known to develop latent representations that are $aligned$, namely structurally similar across networks trained with different architectures, training protocols, or training datasets. We study this phenomenon in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Ali Hussaini Umar , Alessandro Laio

Classical statistical learning theory predicts a U-shaped relationship between test loss and model capacity, driven by the bias-variance trade-off. Recent advances in modern machine learning have revealed a more complex pattern,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-23 Yin Liu , Jianwen Cai , Didong Li

We discuss methods for visualizing neural network decision boundaries and decision regions. We use these visualizations to investigate issues related to reproducibility and generalization in neural network training. We observe that changes…

Recent results show that estimates defined by over-parametrized deep neural networks learned by applying gradient descent to a regularized empirical $L_2$ risk are universally consistent and achieve good rates of convergence. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-27 Selina Drews , Michael Kohler
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