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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly ubiquitous, yet their ability to retain and reason about temporal information remains limited, hindering their application in real-world scenarios where understanding the sequential nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Himanshu Beniwal , Dishant Patel , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Hritik Ladia , Ankit Yadav , Mayank Singh

Temporal reasoning is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to comprehend the real world. However, existing works neglect the real-world challenges for temporal reasoning: (1) intensive temporal information, (2) fast-changing event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shaohang Wei , Wei Li , Feifan Song , Wen Luo , Tianyi Zhuang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Houfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet they remain susceptible to errors, particularly in temporal reasoning tasks involving complex temporal logic. Existing research has explored LLM performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Bahare Fatemi , Mehran Kazemi , Anton Tsitsulin , Karishma Malkan , Jinyeong Yim , John Palowitch , Sungyong Seo , Jonathan Halcrow , Bryan Perozzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on diverse and often conflicting knowledge spanning multiple domains and time periods. Some of this knowledge is only valid within specific temporal contexts, such as answering the question, "Who is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sanjay Govindan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in question answering and reasoning thanks to their extensive parametric memory. However, their knowledge is inherently limited by the scope of their pre-training data, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Atahan Özer , Çağatay Yıldız

Reasoning about time is of fundamental importance. Many facts are time-dependent. For example, athletes change teams from time to time, and different government officials are elected periodically. Previous time-dependent question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing

Despite the advanced capabilities of large language models (LLMs), their temporal reasoning ability remains underdeveloped. Prior works have highlighted this limitation, particularly in maintaining temporal consistency when understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jongho Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Many facts come with an expiration date, from the name of the President to the basketball team Lebron James plays for. But language models (LMs) are trained on snapshots of data collected at a specific moment in time, and this can limit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Bhuwan Dhingra , Jeremy R. Cole , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Daniel Gillick , Jacob Eisenstein , William W. Cohen

Grasping the concept of time is a fundamental facet of human cognition, indispensable for truly comprehending the intricacies of the world. Previous studies typically focus on specific aspects of time, lacking a comprehensive temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zheng Chu , Jingchang Chen , Qianglong Chen , Weijiang Yu , Haotian Wang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown nearly saturated performance on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. As a result, it is natural for people to believe that LLMs have also mastered abilities such as time understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yifan Wei , Yisong Su , Huanhuan Ma , Xiaoyan Yu , Fangyu Lei , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate a surprising amount of factual world knowledge. However, their performance on temporal questions and historical knowledge is limited because they often cannot understand temporal scope and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jonas Wallat , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

The 2024 US presidential election is the first major contest to occur in the US since the popularization of large language models (LLMs). Building on lessons from earlier shifts in media (most notably social media's well studied role in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Sarah H. Cen , Andrew Ilyas , Hedi Driss , Charlotte Park , Aspen Hopkins , Chara Podimata , Aleksander Mądry

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in ex-ante reasoning, where analysis, inference, or predictions must be made without access to information from future events. Even with explicit prompts enforcing temporal cutoffs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yachuan Liu , Xiaochun Wei , Lin Shi , Xinnuo Li , Bohan Zhang , Paramveer Dhillon , Qiaozhu Mei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various NLP tasks, yet they still face significant challenges in reasoning and arithmetic. Temporal reasoning, a critical component of natural language understanding, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Duygu Sezen Islakoglu , Jan-Christoph Kalo

The existing methods for evaluating the medical knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) are largely based on atemporal examination-style benchmarks, while in reality, medical knowledge is inherently dynamic and continuously evolves as new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zihan Guan , Qiao Jin , Guangzhi Xiong , Fangyuan Chen , Mengxuan Hu , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Zhiyong Lu , Anil Vullikanti

Time is an important dimension in our physical world. Lots of facts can evolve with respect to time. For example, the U.S. President might change every four years. Therefore, it is important to consider the time dimension and empower the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Wenhu Chen , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Can Large Language Models (LLMs) accurately predict election outcomes? While LLMs have demonstrated impressive performance in various domains, including healthcare, legal analysis, and creative tasks, their ability to forecast elections…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Chenxiao Yu , Zhaotian Weng , Yuangang Li , Zheng Li , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Temporal concept drift refers to the problem of data changing over time. In NLP, that would entail that language (e.g. new expressions, meaning shifts) and factual knowledge (e.g. new concepts, updated facts) evolve over time. Focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Katerina Margatina , Shuai Wang , Yogarshi Vyas , Neha Anna John , Yassine Benajiba , Miguel Ballesteros
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