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Most Software Engineering (SE) human-based controlled experiments rely on students as participants, raising concerns about their external validity. Specifically, the realism of results obtained from students and their applicability to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Simone Romano , Francesco Paolo Sferratore , Giuseppe Scanniello

Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Manual grading of programming assignments in introductory computer science courses can be time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies. While unit testing is commonly used for automatic evaluation, it typically follows a binary pass/fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ahmad Memon , Abdallah Mohamed

Automated assessment has been shown to greatly simplify the process of assessing students' programs. However, manual assessment still offers benefits to both students and tutors. We introduce Gradeer, a hybrid assessment tool, which allows…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Benjamin Clegg , Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol , Phil McMinn , Gordon Fraser

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated grading, but their outputs can be unreliable. Rather than improving grading accuracy directly, we address a complementary problem: \textit{predicting when an LLM grader is likely to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Robinson Ferrer , Damla Turgut , Zhongzhou Chen , Shashank Sonkar

Written responses can provide a wealth of data in understanding student reasoning on a topic. Yet they are time- and labor-intensive to score, requiring many instructors to forego them except as limited parts of summative assessments at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Michael J Wiser , Louise S Mead , James J Smith , Robert T Pennock

Personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in diverse applications, where they are assigned a specific persona - such as a happy high school teacher - to guide their responses. While prior research has examined how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Manon Reusens , Bart Baesens , David Jurgens

While large language models (LLMs) have been used for automated grading, they have not yet achieved the same level of performance as humans, especially when it comes to grading complex questions. Existing research on this topic focuses on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Wenjing Xie , Juxin Niu , Chun Jason Xue , Nan Guan

In many classification tasks, there is no definitive ground truth, only human judgments that may disagree. We address two challenges that arise in such settings: (1) how to use human raters to score classifiers, and (2) how to use them for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Paul Resnick , Yuqing Kong , Grant Schoenebeck , Tim Weninger

With the widespread adoption of MOOCs in academic institutions, it has become imperative to come up with better techniques to solve the tutoring and grading problems posed by programming courses. Programming being the new 'writing', it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Saksham Sharma , Pallav Agarwal , Parv Mor , Amey Karkare

With the recent rapid increase in digitization across all major industries, acquiring programming skills has increased the demand for introductory programming courses. This has further resulted in universities integrating programming…

Understanding student perceptions of assessment is vital for designing inclusive and effective learning environments, especially in technical education. This study explores engineering students' perceptions of assessment practices in an…

Background: Noise, defined as an unwanted sound, is one of the commonest factors that could affect people's performance in their daily work activities. The software engineering research community has marginally investigated the effects of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Simone Romano , Giuseppe Scanniello , Davide Fucci , Natalia Juristo , Burak Turhan

Grading can shape students' learning and encourage use of effective problem solving practices. Teaching assistants (TAs) are often responsible for grading student solutions and providing feedback, thus, their perceptions of grading may…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-05-19 Emily Marshman , Alexandru Maries , Charles Henderson , Chandralekha Singh , Edit Yerushalmi

Large language models are increasingly used as automated evaluators in research and enterprise settings, a practice known as LLM-as-a-judge. While prior work has examined accuracy, bias, and alignment with human preferences, far less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Fiona Lau

Fairness in recommender systems has recently received attention from researchers. Unfair recommendations have negative impact on the effectiveness of recommender systems as it may degrade users' satisfaction, loyalty, and at worst, it can…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Masoud Mansoury , Himan Abdollahpouri , Joris Rombouts , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Peer grading has emerged as a scalable solution for assessment in large and online classrooms, offering both logistical efficiency and pedagogical value. However, designing effective peer-grading systems remains challenging due to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Uchswas Paul , Ananya Mantravadi , Jash Shah , Shail Shah , Sri Vaishnavi Mylavarapu , M Parvez Rashid , Edward Gehringer

Curriculum Learning is a powerful training method that allows for faster and better training in some settings. This method, however, requires having a notion of which examples are difficult and which are easy, which is not always trivial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Alain Raymond-Saez , Julio Hurtado , Alvaro Soto

Programming education should aim to provide students with a broad range of skills that they will later use while developing software. An important aspect in this is their ability to write code that is not only correct but also of high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Maria Tigina , Anastasiia Birillo , Yaroslav Golubev , Hieke Keuning , Nikolay Vyahhi , Timofey Bryksin

In large programming classes, it takes a significant effort from teachers to evaluate exercises and provide detailed feedback. In systems programming, test cases are not sufficient to assess exercises, since concurrency and resource…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Roberto Natella