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Generative artificial intelligence poses new challenges around assessment, increasingly driving introductory programming educators to employ invigilated exams. But exams do not afford more authentic programming experiences that involve…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Suhas Kannam , Yuri Yang , Aarya Dharm , Kevin Lin

As design thinking education grows in secondary and tertiary contexts, educators face the challenge of evaluating creative artefacts that combine visual and textual elements. Traditional rubric-based assessment is laborious, time-consuming,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sumbul Khan , Wei Ting Liow , Lay Kee Ang

Providing timely and individualised feedback on handwritten student work is highly beneficial for learning but difficult to achieve at scale. This challenge has become more pressing as generative AI undermines the reliability of take-home…

Evaluating the performance of students in higher education is essential for gauging the effectiveness of teaching methods and achieving greater equality of opportunities for all. In this study, we investigate the correlation between two…

Applications · Statistics 2023-07-24 Paul Dubois , Romain Lhotte

Large programming courses struggle to provide timely, detailed feedback on student code. We developed Mark My Works, a local autograding system that combines traditional unit testing with LLM-generated explanations. The system uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yiding Qiu , Seyed Mahdi Azimi , Artem Lensky

Short answer scoring (SAS) is the task of grading short text written by a learner. In recent years, deep-learning-based approaches have substantially improved the performance of SAS models, but how to guarantee high-quality predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Hiroaki Funayama , Tasuku Sato , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Tomoya Mizumoto , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

Cooperative learning theory has shown that stable membership is a hallmark of effective work teams. According to relation strength and social network centrality, this paper proposes an approach to measure team stability reasons in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-01-27 Yanqing Wang , Hong Ge , Xiaojing Feng , Jie Yu

Open-ended assignments - such as lab reports and semester-long projects - provide data science and statistics students with opportunities for developing communication, critical thinking, and creativity skills. However, providing grades and…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-01-15 Federica Zoe Ricci , Catalina Mari Medina , Mine Dogucu

Commonly, introductory programming courses in higher education institutions have hundreds of participating students eager to learn to program. The manual effort for reviewing the submitted source code and for providing feedback can no…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Gerhard Johann Hagerer , Laura Lahesoo , Miriam Anschütz , Stephan Krusche , Georg Groh

Grading in large undergraduate STEM courses often yields minimal feedback due to heavy instructional workloads. We present a large-scale empirical study of AI grading on real, handwritten single-variable calculus work from UC Irvine. Using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhiqi Yu , Xingping Liu , Haobin Mao , Mingshuo Liu , Long Chen , Jack Xin , Yifeng Yu

We ran a study on engagement and achievement for a first year undergraduate programming module which used an online learning environment containing tasks which generate automated feedback. Students could also access human feedback from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Beate Grawemeyer , John Halloran , Matthew England , David Croft

Feedback is critical in education. This Innovative Practice Full Paper reports lessons learned from improving the quality of feedback in a semi-capstone software engineering course, with particular focus on how to deliver productive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Torgeir Dingsøyr

Peer grading systems make large courses more scalable, provide students with faster and more detailed feedback, and help students to learn by thinking critically about the work of others. A key obstacle to the broader adoption of peer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Hedayat Zarkoob , Hu Fu , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Offering a promising solution to the scalability challenges associated with human evaluation, the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm is rapidly gaining traction as an approach to evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, there are still many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aman Singh Thakur , Kartik Choudhary , Venkat Srinik Ramayapally , Sankaran Vaidyanathan , Dieuwke Hupkes

The grading of open-ended questions is a high-effort, high-impact task in education. Automating this task promises a significant reduction in workload for education professionals, as well as more consistent grading outcomes for students, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Alexandra Gobrecht , Felix Tuma , Moritz Möller , Thomas Zöller , Mark Zakhvatkin , Alexandra Wuttig , Holger Sommerfeldt , Sven Schütt

The prevalence of online platforms and studies has generated the demand for automated grading tools, and as a result, there are plenty in the market. Such tools are developed to grade coding assignments quickly, accurately, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Aditi Agrawal , Benjamin Reed

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) is reshaping the landscape of automatic assessment in education. While these systems demonstrate substantial advantages in adaptability to diverse question types and flexibility in output…

Human feedback has become the de facto standard for evaluating the performance of Large Language Models, and is increasingly being used as a training objective. However, it is not clear which properties of a generated output this single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Tom Hosking , Phil Blunsom , Max Bartolo

Relevance judgment of human assessors is inherently subjective and dynamic when evaluation datasets are created for Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, a small group of experts' relevance judgment results are usually taken as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Dengya Zhu , Shastri L Nimmagadda , Kok Wai Wong , Torsten Reiners

If two experts disagree on a test, we may conclude both cannot be 100 per cent correct. But if they completely agree, no possible evaluation can be excluded. This asymmetry in the utility of agreements versus disagreements is explored here…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Andrés Corrada-Emmanuel