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The rapid development of the Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has been closely linked to their ever-growing and already enormous sizes. Many LLMs contain hundreds of billions of parameters and require dedicated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mahsa Salmani , Ilya Soloveychik

Some of the simplest, yet most frequently used predictors in statistics and machine learning use weighted linear combinations of features. Such linear predictors can model non-linear relationships between features by adding interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mohammadreza Nemati , Zhipeng Huang , Kevin S. Xu

Discrete motion tokenization has recently enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to serve as versatile backbones for motion understanding and motion-language reasoning. However, existing pipelines typically decouple motion quantization from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhankai Ye , Bofan Li , Yukai Jin , Shuoqiu Li , Wei Wang , Yanfu Zhang , Shangqian Gao , Xin Liu

Oversmoothing is a common phenomenon in a wide range of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Transformers, where performance worsens as the number of layers increases. Instead of characterizing oversmoothing from the view of complete collapse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Xiaojun Guo , Yifei Wang , Tianqi Du , Yisen Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine a vision encoder and a large language model (LLM) through alignment training, showing strong performance on multimodal tasks. A central component in this architecture is the projection layer, which maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Raehyuk Jung , Seungjun Yu , Hyunjung Shim

The ever increasing sizes of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond hundreds of billions of parameters have generated enormous pressure on the manufacturers of dedicated hardware accelerators and made the innovative design of the latter one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mahsa Salmani , Nikita Trukhanov , Ilya Soloveychik

This paper introduces the Neural Differential Manifold (NDM), a novel neural network architecture that explicitly incorporates geometric structure into its fundamental design. Departing from conventional Euclidean parameter spaces, the NDM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Di Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform internal computations in continuous vector spaces yet produce discrete tokens -- a fundamental mismatch whose geometric consequences remain poorly understood. We develop a mathematical framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Mohamed A. Mabrok

This work begins by establishing a mathematical formalization between different geometrical interpretations of Neural Networks, providing a first contribution. From this starting point, a new interpretation is explored, using the idea of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Daniel Vieira , Joao Paixao

Inspired by BatchNorm, there has been an explosion of normalization layers in deep learning. Recent works have identified a multitude of beneficial properties in BatchNorm to explain its success. However, given the pursuit of alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

During a surface acquisition process using 3D scanners, noise is inevitable and an important step in geometry processing is to remove these noise components from these surfaces (given as points-set or triangulated mesh). The noise-removal…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Sunil Kumar Yadav , Martin Skrodzki , Eric Zimmermann , Konrad Polthier

Normalization layers are standard in transformers, but it is not clear whether their sample-dependent computations are necessary throughout both training and inference. This work develops a gated normalization-removal approach for pre-norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Andrei Kanavalau , Carmen Amo Alonso , Sanjay Lall

Despite progress in the rapidly developing field of geometric deep learning, performing statistical analysis on geometric data--where each observation is a shape such as a curve, graph, or surface--remains challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Emmanuel Hartman , Nicolas Charon

One of the main methods for computational interpretation of a text is mapping it into a vector in some embedding space. Such vectors can then be used for a variety of textual processing tasks. Recently, most embedding spaces are a product…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Adi Simhi , Shaul Markovitch

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art results across many natural language tasks, but their internal mechanisms remain difficult to interpret. In this work, we extract, process, and visualize latent state geometries in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alex Ning , Vainateya Rangaraju , Yen-Ling Kuo

In recent times, the standard practice for developing MLLMs is to feed features from vision encoder(s) into the LLM and train with natural language supervision. This approach often causes models to lean towards language comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jitesh Jain , Zhengyuan Yang , Humphrey Shi , Jianfeng Gao , Jianwei Yang

We introduce the network model as a formal psychometric model, conceptualizing the covariance between psychometric indicators as resulting from pairwise interactions between observable variables in a network structure. This contrasts with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Sacha Epskamp , Mijke Rhemtulla , Denny Borsboom

In nonparametric classification and regression problems, regularized kernel methods, in particular support vector machines, attract much attention in theoretical and in applied statistics. In an abstract sense, regularized kernel methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-04-13 Robert Hable

Despite their capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain opaque with limited understanding of their internal representations. Current interpretability methods either focus on input-oriented feature extraction, such as supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Marco Bronzini , Carlo Nicolini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano , Andrea Passerini

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing. Understanding their internal mechanisms is crucial for developing more interpretable and optimized architectures. Mechanistic interpretability has led to the…