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This paper is dedicated to the development of a novel adaptive torsion spring mechanism for optimizing energy consumption in legged robots. By adjusting the equilibrium position and stiffness of the spring, the system improves energy…

This paper introduces a chain-driven, sandwich-legged mid-size quadruped robot designed as an accessible research platform. The design prioritizes enhanced locomotion, improved actuation reliability and safety, and simplified,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Aman Singh , Bhavya Giri Goswami , Ketan Nehete , Shishir N. Y. Kolathaya

The spine plays a crucial role in the dynamic locomotion of quadrupedal animals, improving the stability, speed, and efficiency of their gait, especially for fast-paced and highly agile movements. Therefore, the spine is also a promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nico Bohlinger , Piotr Kicki , Davide Tateo , Krzysztof Walas , Jan Peters

Jumping is an efficient locomotion strategy to traverse cluttered, uneven, or unstable environments in nature, yet replicating continuous, autonomous leaping in soft robots remains challenging due to limited energy storage and reliance on…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Fangjie Qi , Caizhi Zhou , Haitao Qing , Haoze Sun , Jie Yin

Most engineered pilings require substantially more force to be driven into the ground than they can resist during extraction. This requires relatively heavy equipment for insertion, which is problematic for anchoring in hard-to-access…

This paper presents Stanford Doggo, a quasi-direct-drive quadruped capable of dynamic locomotion. This robot matches or exceeds common performance metrics of state-of-the-art legged robots. In terms of vertical jumping agility, a measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Nathan Kau , Aaron Schultz , Natalie Ferrante , Patrick Slade

Robots have been critical instruments to space exploration by providing access to environments beyond human limitations. Jumping robot concepts are attractive solutions to negotiate complex terrain. However, among the engineering challenges…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Alejandro Macario-Rojas , Ben Parslew , Andrew Weightman , Katharine L. Smith

Exploration of confined spaces, such as pipelines and ducts, remains challenging for conventional rigid robots due to limited space, irregular geometry, and restricted access. Inspired by caterpillar locomotion and sensing, this paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhixian Hu , Yu She , Juan Wachs

This paper introduces a way to systematically investigate the effect of compliant prismatic spines in quadrupedal robot locomotion. We develop a novel spring-loaded lockable spine module, together with a new Spinal Compliance-Integrated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Keran Ye , Kenneth Chung , Konstantinos Karydis

Perching with winged Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has often been solved by means of complex control or intricate appendages. Here, we present a simple yet novel method that relies on passive wing morphing for crash-landing on trees and other…

Quadruped robots are often designed with rigid feet to simplify control and maintain stable contact during locomotion. While this approach is straightforward, it limits the ability of the legs to absorb impact forces and reuse stored…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Pramod Pal , Shishir Kolathaya , Ashitava Ghosal

Many small animals, particularly insects, use power-amplification to generate rapid motions, such as jumping, that would otherwise be impossible given the standard power density of muscle. A common framework for understanding this power…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-15 Marc Suñé , Lucas Selva , Cristóbal Arratia , John S. Wettlaufer , Dominic Vella

Robot performance has advanced considerably both in and out of the factory, however in tightly constrained, unknown environments such as inside a jet engine or the human heart, current robots are less adept. In such cases where a borescope…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Mijaíl Jaén Mendoza , Nicholas D. Naclerio , Elliot W. Hawkes

Legged robots are becoming increasingly agile in exhibiting dynamic behaviors such as running and jumping. Usually, such behaviors are either optimized and engineered offline (i.e. the behavior is designed for before it is needed), either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Guillaume Bellegarda , Milad Shafiee , Merih Ekin Özberk , Auke Ijspeert

Legged rovers provide enhanced mobility compared to wheeled platforms, enabling navigation on steep and irregular planetary terrains. However, traditional legged locomotion might be energetically inefficient and potentially dangerous to the…

In the context of legged robots, adaptive behavior involves adaptive balancing and adaptive swing foot reflection. While adaptive balancing counteracts perturbations to the robot, adaptive swing foot reflection helps the robot to navigate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yiyu Chen , Quan Nguyen

Inchworm crawling allows for both quasistatic and dynamic gaits at a wide range of actuation frequencies. This locomotion mechanism is common in nonskeletal animals and exploited extensively in the bio-inspired field of soft robotics. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Benny Gamus , Amir D. Gat , Yizhar Or

Spider monkeys (genus Ateles) have a prehensile tail that functions as a flexible, multipurpose fifth limb, enabling them to navigate complex terrains, grasp objects of various sizes, and swing between supports. Inspired by the spider…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mary C. Doerfler , Katalin Schäffer , Margaret M. Coad

Legged robots are able to navigate complex terrains by continuously interacting with the environment through careful selection of contact sequences and timings. However, the combinatorial nature behind contact planning hinders the…

Previous design methodologies for spring-driven jumping robots focused on jump height optimization for specific tasks. In doing so, numerous designs have been proposed including using nonlinear spring-linkages to increase the elastic energy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 John Lo , Ben Parslew