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In this paper we present three simple applications of probability and highlight and discuss their paradoxical flavour.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-24 Germano D'Abramo , Barbara D'Abramo

New cases of the multiplicity conjecture are considered.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Juergen Herzog , Xinxian Zheng

We consider a special case of the generalized P\'{o}lya's urn model introduced by Benaim et al (2013). Given a finite connected graph $G$, place a bin at each vertex. Two bins are called a pair if they share an edge of $G$. At discrete…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-06 Jun Chen , Cyrille Lucas

Consider an urn filled with balls, each labeled with one of several possible collective decisions. Now, let a random voter draw two balls from the urn and pick her more preferred as the collective decision. Relabel the losing ball with the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-28 Florian Brandl , Felix Brandt

Given a finite connected graph G, place a bin at each vertex. Two bins are called a pair if they share an edge of G. At discrete times, a ball is added to each pair of bins. In a pair of bins, one of the bins gets the ball with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Michel Benaim , Itai Benjamini , Jun Chen , Yuri Lima

Quantum probability theory and complex analysis for children.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Sebastian Schleißinger

We prove a recent conjecture by Ulas on reducible polynomial substitutions.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Peter Müller

We consider a variant of the randomly reinforced urn where more balls can be simultaneously drawn out and balls of different colors can be simultaneously added. More precisely, at each time-step, the conditional distribution of the number…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-09 Irene Crimaldi

This article deals with some stochastic population protocols, motivated by theoretical aspects of distributed computing. We modelize the problem by a large urn of black and white balls from which at every time unit a fixed number of balls…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-12-07 Marie Albenque , Lucas Gerin

This article, based on a talk, treats some elementary, but not completely simple examples from probability. They concern multiple birthday coincidences, throwing dice, the combinatorics of the German card game "Doppelkopf", and the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-11-17 Edgar M. E. Wermuth

This is an expository article on the Poisson binomial distribution. We review lesser known results and recent progress on this topic, including geometry of polynomials and distribution learning. We also provide examples to illustrate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Wenpin Tang , Fengmin Tang

We collect here various conjectures on congruences made by the author in a series of papers, some of which involve binary quadratic forms and other advanced theories. Part A consists of 100 unsolved conjectures of the author while…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Zhi-Wei Sun

Pilz's conjecture states that for any finite set $A=\{a_1,a_2,\dots,a_k\}$ of positive integers and positive integer $n$ in the union of the sets $\{a_1,2a_1,\dots,na_1\},\dots, \{a_k,2a_k,\dots,na_k\}$ (considered as a multiset) at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 János Nagy , Péter Pál Pach

This celebratory article contains a personal and idiosyncratic selection of a few open problems in discrete probability theory. These include certain well known questions concerning Lorentz scatterers and self-avoiding walks, and also some…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Geoffrey R. Grimmett

In this paper three unrelated problems will be discussed. What connects them is the rich methodology of classical probability theory. In the first two problems we have a complete answer to the problems raised; in the third case, what we…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Tamás F. Móri , Gábor J. Székely

This paper deals with (finite or infinite) sequences of arbitrary independent events in some probability space. We find sharp lower bounds for the probability of a union of such events when the sum of their probabilities is given. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-29 Jürgen Grahl , Shahar Nevo

Consider a P\'olya urn where a drawn ball of colour $i$ is replaced together with a fixed number $m_i$ of balls of the same colour. We give a simple proof that if, for example, there are two colours and the urn starts with more balls of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Svante Janson

Several results about the union-closed sets conjecture are presented.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-21 Yining Hu

In this article the propagation of pointlike event probabilities in space is considered. Double-Slit experiment is described in detail. New interpretation of Quantum Theory is formulated.

General Physics · Physics 2010-02-19 G. Quznetsov

This paper presents duality between probability distributions and utility functions.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ali Abbas , Jim Matheson