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Using multiple spatial modalities has been proven helpful in improving semantic segmentation performance. However, there are several real-world challenges that have yet to be addressed: (a) improving label efficiency and (b) enhancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Harsh Maheshwari , Yen-Cheng Liu , Zsolt Kira

Missing data is a common problem in machine learning and in retrospective imaging research it is often encountered in the form of missing imaging modalities. We propose to take into account missing modalities in the design and training of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Karin van Garderen , Marion Smits , Stefan Klein

Meta-learning has gained wide popularity as a training framework that is more data-efficient than traditional machine learning methods. However, its generalization ability in complex task distributions, such as multimodal tasks, has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Yao Ma , Shilin Zhao , Weixiao Wang , Yaoman Li , Irwin King

Multimodal learning robust to missing modality has attracted increasing attention due to its practicality. Existing methods tend to address it by learning a common subspace representation for different modality combinations. However, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Shicai Wei , Yang Luo , Yuji Wang , Chunbo Luo

Multimodal learning has demonstrated incredible successes by integrating diverse data sources, yet it often relies on the availability of all modalities - an assumption that rarely holds in real-world applications. Pretrained multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Duy A. Nguyen , Quan Huu Do , Khoa D. Doan , Minh N. Do

Multimodal deep learning has shown strong potential in medical applications by integrating heterogeneous data sources such as medical images and structured clinical variables. However, most existing approaches implicitly assume complete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Camillo Maria Caruso , Valerio Guarrasi , Paolo Soda

Multimodal learning has become a prominent research area, with the potential of substantial performance gains by combining information across modalities. At the same time, model development has trended toward increasingly complex deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tillmann Rheude , Roland Eils , Benjamin Wild

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is an important way of observing mental activities with the help of data captured from multiple modalities. However, due to the recording or transmission error, some modalities may include incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Haozhe Chi , Minghua Yang , Junhao Zhu , Guanhong Wang , Gaoang Wang

Fusing multi-modal data can improve the performance of deep learning models. However, missing modalities are common for medical data due to patients' specificity, which is detrimental to the performance of multi-modal models in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-28 Muyu Wang , Shiyu Fan , Yichen Li , Hui Chen

The rise of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has become a transformative force in the field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to process and generate content across multiple modalities, such as text, images, audio, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ming Li , Keyu Chen , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu , Xinyuan Song , Zekun Jiang , Tianyang Wang , Benji Peng , Qian Niu , Junyu Liu , Jinlang Wang , Sen Zhang , Xuanhe Pan , Jiawei Xu , Pohsun Feng

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence have led to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, adapting these pre-trained models to dynamic data distributions and various tasks efficiently remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yukang Huo , Hao Tang

Federated learning (FL) has obtained tremendous progress in providing collaborative training solutions for distributed data silos with privacy guarantees. However, few existing works explore a more realistic scenario where the clients hold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Liwei Che , Jiaqi Wang , Xinyue Liu , Fenglong Ma

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance the capabilities of standard large language models by integrating and processing data from multiple modalities, including text, vision, audio, video, and 3D environments. Data plays a pivotal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Tianyi Bai , Hao Liang , Binwang Wan , Yanran Xu , Xi Li , Shiyu Li , Ling Yang , Bozhou Li , Yifan Wang , Bin Cui , Ping Huang , Jiulong Shan , Conghui He , Binhang Yuan , Wentao Zhang

Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

This survey provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in multimodal alignment and fusion within the field of machine learning, driven by the increasing availability and diversity of data modalities such as text, images, audio,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Songtao Li , Hao Tang

Pre-trained large multi-modal models (LMMs) exploit fine-tuning to adapt diverse user applications. Nevertheless, fine-tuning may face challenges due to deactivated sensors (e.g., cameras turned off for privacy or technical issues),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Shu Zhao , Xiaohan Zou , Tan Yu , Huijuan Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in artificial intelligence by facilitating integrated understanding across diverse modalities, including text, images, video, audio, and speech. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Chengze Jiang , Zhuangzhuang Wang , Minjing Dong , Jie Gui

The exploration of multimodal language models integrates multiple data types, such as images, text, language, audio, and other heterogeneity. While the latest large language models excel in text-based tasks, they often struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Jiayang Wu , Wensheng Gan , Zefeng Chen , Shicheng Wan , Philip S. Yu

Standard multi-modal models assume the use of the same modalities in training and inference stages. However, in practice, the environment in which multi-modal models operate may not satisfy such assumption. As such, their performances…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sangmin Woo , Sumin Lee , Yeonju Park , Muhammad Adi Nugroho , Changick Kim

Multimodal machine learning (MML) is rapidly reshaping the way mental-health disorders are detected, characterized, and longitudinally monitored. Whereas early studies relied on isolated data streams -- such as speech, text, or wearable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zahraa Al Sahili , Ioannis Patras , Matthew Purver