English
Related papers

Related papers: Constructive Universal Approximation and Finite Sa…

200 papers

While deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a standard architecture for many machine learning tasks, their internal decision-making process and general interpretability is still poorly understood. Conversely, common decision trees are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Coenraad Mouton , Marelie H. Davel

Deep learning architectures are highly diverse. To prove their universal approximation properties, existing works typically rely on model-specific proofs. Generally, they construct a dedicated mathematical formulation for each architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Wei Wang

We study the expressibility and learnability of convex optimization solution functions and their multi-layer architectural extension. The main results are: \emph{(1)} the class of solution functions of linear programming (LP) and quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Ming Jin , Vanshaj Khattar , Harshal Kaushik , Bilgehan Sel , Ruoxi Jia

The deep linear network (DLN) is a model for implicit regularization in gradient based optimization of overparametrized learning architectures. Training the DLN corresponds to a Riemannian gradient flow, where the Riemannian metric is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-12 Nadav Cohen , Govind Menon , Zsolt Veraszto

This paper proves an abstract theorem addressing in a unified manner two important problems in function approximation: avoiding curse of dimensionality and estimating the degree of approximation for out-of-sample extension in manifold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Hrushikesh N. Mhaskar

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

It is widely believed that a neural network can fit a training set containing at least as many samples as it has parameters, underpinning notions of overparameterized and underparameterized models. In practice, however, we only find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Micah Goldblum , Arpit Bansal , C. Bayan Bruss , Yann LeCun , Andrew Gordon Wilson

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in deep feed-forward neural nets with ReLU activations. Specifically, we answer the following question: for a fixed $d_{in}\geq 1,$ what is the minimal width $w$ so that neural nets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Boris Hanin , Mark Sellke

This paper extends the proof of density of neural networks in the space of continuous (or even measurable) functions on Euclidean spaces to functions on compact sets of probability measures. By doing so the work parallels a more then a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Tomas Pevny , Vojtech Kovarik

We derive universal approximation results for the class of (countably) $m$-rectifiable measures. Specifically, we prove that $m$-rectifiable measures can be approximated as push-forwards of the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure on $[0,1]$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Erwin Riegler , Alex Bühler , Yang Pan , Helmut Bölcskei

We prove that training neural networks on 1-D data is equivalent to solving convex Lasso problems with discrete, explicitly defined dictionary matrices. We consider neural networks with piecewise linear activations and depths ranging from 2…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Emi Zeger , Yifei Wang , Aaron Mishkin , Tolga Ergen , Emmanuel Candès , Mert Pilanci

Feed-forward, fully-connected Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or the so-called Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are well-known universal approximators. However, their learning performance varies significantly depending on the function or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Serkan Kiranyaz , Turker Ince , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Recent results in nonparametric regression show that deep learning, i.e., neural network estimates with many hidden layers, are able to circumvent the so-called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer

While successful in many fields, deep neural networks (DNNs) still suffer from some open problems such as bad local minima and unsatisfactory generalization performance. In this work, we propose a novel architecture called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Xingyu Xie , Hao Kong , Jianlong Wu , Wayne Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Zhouchen Lin

Tabular datasets are the last "unconquered castle" for deep learning, with traditional ML methods like Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees still performing strongly even against recent specialized neural architectures. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Arlind Kadra , Marius Lindauer , Frank Hutter , Josif Grabocka

This paper introduces deep super ReLU networks (DSRNs) as a method for approximating functions in Sobolev spaces measured by Sobolev norms $W^{m,p}$ for $m\in\mathbb{N}$ with $m\ge 2$ and $1\le p\le +\infty$. Standard ReLU deep neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Yahong Yang , Yue Wu , Haizhao Yang , Yang Xiang

This paper explores the expressive power of deep neural networks through the framework of function compositions. We demonstrate that the repeated compositions of a single fixed-size ReLU network exhibit surprising expressive power, despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Shijun Zhang , Jianfeng Lu , Hongkai Zhao

Let $\Omega = [0,1]^d$ be the unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We study the problem of how efficiently, in terms of the number of parameters, deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can approximate functions in the Sobolev spaces…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-09 Jonathan W. Siegel

This work addresses two fundamental limitations in neural network approximation theory. We demonstrate that a three-dimensional network architecture enables a significantly more efficient representation of sawtooth functions, which serves…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 ZeYu Li , FengLei Fan , TieYong Zeng

Choosing an appropriate learning rate remains a key challenge in scaling depth of modern deep networks. The classical maximal update parameterization ($\mu$P) enforces a fixed per-layer update magnitude, which is well suited to homogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haosong Zhang , Shenxi Wu , Yichi Zhang , Xi Chen , Wei Lin