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We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant

The universal approximation property of width-bounded networks has been studied as a dual of classical universal approximation results on depth-bounded networks. However, the critical width enabling the universal approximation has not been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sejun Park , Chulhee Yun , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

A candidate explanation of the good empirical performance of deep neural networks is the implicit regularization effect of first order optimization methods. Inspired by this, we prove a convergence theorem for nonconvex composite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

Neural networks are complex functions of both their inputs and parameters. Much prior work in deep learning theory analyzes the distribution of network outputs at a fixed a set of inputs (e.g. a training dataset) over random initializations…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-08 Mike Winer , Boris Hanin

Modern deep learning architectures are ordinarily performed on high-performance computing facilities due to the large size of the input features and complexity of its model. This paper proposes traditional multilayer perceptrons (MLP) with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Bagus Tris Atmaja , Masato Akagi

In this paper, a novel multi-head multi-layer perceptron (MLP) structure is presented for implicit neural representation (INR). Since conventional rectified linear unit (ReLU) networks are shown to exhibit spectral bias towards learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Arya Aftab , Alireza Morsali

We improve recently published results about resources of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) and Deep Belief Networks (DBN) required to make them Universal Approximators. We show that any distribution p on the set of binary vectors of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-07-27 Guido Montufar , Nihat Ay

We study the expressive power of deep ReLU neural networks for approximating functions in dilated shift-invariant spaces, which are widely used in signal processing, image processing, communications and so on. Approximation error bounds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunfei Yang , Zhen Li , Yang Wang

We consider approximation rates of sparsely connected deep rectified linear unit (ReLU) and rectified power unit (RePU) neural networks for functions in Besov spaces $B^\alpha_{q}(L^p)$ in arbitrary dimension $d$, on general domains. We…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy

We analytically derive the geometrical structure of the weight space in multilayer neural networks (MLN), in terms of the volumes of couplings associated to the internal representations of the training set. Focusing on the parity and…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-31 R. Monasson , R. Zecchina

We prove bounds for the approximation and estimation of certain binary classification functions using ReLU neural networks. Our estimation bounds provide a priori performance guarantees for empirical risk minimization using networks of a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Andrei Caragea , Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

The intrinsically infinite-dimensional features of the functional observations over multidimensional domains render the standard classification methods effectively inapplicable. To address this problem, we introduce a novel multiclass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Shuoyang Wang , Guanqun Cao

This paper examines the $L_p$ and $W^1_p$ norm approximation errors of ReLU neural networks for Korobov functions. In terms of network width and depth, we derive nearly optimal super-approximation error bounds of order $2m$ in the $L_p$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuwen Li , Guozhi Zhang

This paper presents an investigation of the approximation property of neural networks with unbounded activation functions, such as the rectified linear unit (ReLU), which is the new de-facto standard of deep learning. The ReLU network can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Sho Sonoda , Noboru Murata

In studying the expressiveness of neural networks, an important question is whether there are functions which can only be approximated by sufficiently deep networks, assuming their size is bounded. However, for constant depths, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

This paper addresses the growing need to process non-Euclidean data, by introducing a geometric deep learning (GDL) framework for building universal feedforward-type models compatible with differentiable manifold geometries. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Anastasis Kratsios , Leonie Papon

Among the several paradigms of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML), a remarkably successful paradigm is deep learning. Deep learning's phenomenal success has been hoped to be interpreted via fundamental research on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Tilahun M. Getu

Dense prediction is a fundamental requirement for many medical vision tasks such as medical image restoration, registration, and segmentation. The most popular vision model, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has reached bottlenecks due…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Mingyuan Meng , Yuxin Xue , Dagan Feng , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim

We establish in this work approximation results of deep neural networks for smooth functions measured in Sobolev norms, motivated by recent development of numerical solvers for partial differential equations using deep neural networks. {Our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Sean Hon , Haizhao Yang

In this work we revisit the most fundamental building block in deep learning, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and study the limits of its performance on vision tasks. Empirical insights into MLPs are important for multiple reasons. (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Gregor Bachmann , Sotiris Anagnostidis , Thomas Hofmann
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