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Developing safety-critical automotive software presents significant challenges due to increasing system complexity and strict regulatory demands. This paper proposes a novel framework integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Sven Kirchner , Alois C. Knoll

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, with code generation emerging as a key area of focus. While numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate their code generation abilities,…

With the broader adoption and highly successful development of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been growing interest and demand for applying LLMs to autonomous driving technology. Driven by their natural language understanding and…

We present a prototype of a tool leveraging the synergy of model driven engineering (MDE) and Large Language Models (LLM) for the purpose of software development process automation in the automotive industry. In this approach, the…

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated the potential for a general-purpose user simulator. However, existing benchmarks remain constrained to isolated scenarios, narrow action spaces, or synthetic data, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiawei Chen , Ruoxi Xu , Boxi Cao , Ruotong Pan , Yunfei Zhang , Yifei Hu , Yong Du , Tingting Gao , Yaojie Lu , Yingfei Sun , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xiangyu Wu , Hongyu Lin

The rapid development of vision language models (VLMs) demands rigorous and reliable evaluation. However, current visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks often depend on open-ended questions, making accurate evaluation difficult due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yuhui Zhang , Yuchang Su , Yiming Liu , Xiaohan Wang , James Burgess , Elaine Sui , Chenyu Wang , Josiah Aklilu , Alejandro Lozano , Anjiang Wei , Ludwig Schmidt , Serena Yeung-Levy

Despite significant advancements in recent decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) continue to face challenges in navigating certain traffic scenarios where human drivers excel. In such situations, AVs often become immobilized, disrupting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhipeng Bao , Qianwen Li

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) and the idea to use hierarchical models has been around for some years now. GAI has proved to be an extremely useful tool for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). AVs need to perform robustly in their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Diomidis Katzourakis

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive potential in helping with numerous medical challenges. Deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as medicine, however, brings in many concerns. One major area of concern relates to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hamed Fayyaz , Raphael Poulain , Rahmatollah Beheshti

We propose a human in the loop approach for black-box testing of Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) using Large Language Models (LLMs). The goal is to reduce the manual effort in defining test scenarios for dynamic simulation models and to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abdullah Mughees , Gaadha Sudheerbabu , Tanwir Ahmad , Dragos Truscan , Mikael Manngård , Kristian Klemets

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large Language Models (LLMs) are starting to be profiled as one of the most significant disruptions in the Software Testing field. Specifically, they have been successfully applied in software testing tasks such as generating test code, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cristian Augusto , Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Francesca Lonetti , Jesús Morán

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) requires rigorous testing in safety-critical scenarios for safety validation, yet its validation is hindered by the high cost of field testing and the lack of fidelity in current simulations for rare safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongyi Zhao , Shuo Wang , Qijie He , Ziyuan Pu

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) increasingly rely on learning-based perception, yet safety-relevant failures often arise without component malfunction, driven instead by partial observability and semantic ambiguity in how risk is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jean Douglas Carvalho , Hugo Taciro Kenji , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Glaucia Melo , Max Mauro Dias Santos , Deepa Kundur

Software testing is an important part of the development cycle, yet it requires specialized expertise and substantial developer effort to adequately test software. Recent discoveries of the capabilities of large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Robert Feldt , Sungmin Kang , Juyeon Yoon , Shin Yoo

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising capabilities in scene understanding, enhancing the explainability of driving behaviors and interactivity with users. Existing methods primarily fine-tune VLMs on on-board multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nan Song , Bozhou Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Li Zhang

The usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software and test development has continued to increase since LLMs were first introduced, but only recently have the expectations of LLMs become more realistic. Verifying the correctness of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zachariah Sollenberger , Rahul Patel , Saieda Ali Zada , Sunita Chandrasekaran

Deploying autonomous vision systems on edge devices faces a critical challenge: resource constraints prevent real-time and predictable execution of comprehensive safety tests. Existing validation methods depend on static datasets or manual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Faezeh Pasandideh , Achim Rettberg

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Autonomous vehicles are complex systems that are challenging to test and debug. A requirements-driven approach to the development process can decrease the resources required to design and test these systems, while simultaneously increasing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos , Danil Prokhorov , Hisahiro Ito , James Kapinski