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Ensuring user privacy remains critical in mobile networks, particularly with the rise of connected devices and denser 5G infrastructure. Privacy concerns have persisted across 2G, 3G, and 4G/LTE networks. Recognizing these concerns, the 3rd…
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) released its first 5G security specifications in March 2018. This paper reviews the 5G security architecture, requirements and main processes and evaluates them in the context of known and new…
Cellular networks represent a critical infrastructure and their security is thus crucial. 5G - the latest generation of cellular networks - combines different technologies to increase capacity, reduce latency, and save energy. Due to its…
As 5G networks become more mainstream, privacy has come to the forefront of end users. More scrutiny has been shown to previous generation cellular technologies such as 3G and 4G on how they handle sensitive metadata transmitted from an end…
The first release of the 5G protocol specifications, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15, were published in December 2017 and the first 5G protocol security specifications in March 2018. As one of the technology…
Over the last decades, numerous security and privacy issues in all three active mobile network generations have been revealed that threaten users as well as network providers. In view of the newest generation (5G) currently under…
Massive developments in mobile wireless telecommunication networks have been made during the last few decades. At present, mobile users are getting familiar with the latest 5G networks, and the discussion for the next generation of Beyond…
Privacy concerns around 5G, the latest generation of mobile networks, are growing, with fears that its deployment may increase exposure to privacy risks. This perception is largely driven by the use of denser deployments of small antenna…
Fifth generation mobile networks (5G) are currently being deployed by mobile operators around the globe. 5G acts as an enabler for various use cases and also improves the security and privacy over 4G and previous network generations.…
Users may already have some perception of provided security based on experience with earlier generations. To maintain the stability and coherent integration of 5G services, it is imperative that security and privacy features prevalent in…
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing authentication and privacy-preserving schemes for 4G and 5G cellular networks. We start by providing an overview of existing surveys that deal with 4G and 5G communications,…
Fifth-generation (5G) systems are designed to enable convergent access-agnostic service availability. This means that 5G services will be available over 5G New Radio air interface and also through other non-Third Generation Partnership…
Sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks will have to cope with diverse threats on a space-air-ground integrated network environment, novel technologies, and an accessible user information explosion. However, for now, security and privacy…
3GPP Release 15, the first 5G standard, includes protection of user identity privacy against IMSI catchers. These protection mechanisms are based on public key encryption. Despite this protection, IMSI catching is still possible in LTE…
Mission critical communication (MCC) involves the exchange of information and data among emergency services, including the police, fire brigade, and other first responders, particularly during emergencies, disasters, or critical incidents.…
Over the years, several security vulnerabilities in the 3GPP cellular systems have been demonstrated in the literature. Most studies focus on higher layers of the cellular radio stack, such as the RRC and NAS, which are cryptographically…
The upcoming Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks are expected to provide enhanced capabilities such as ultra-high data rates, dense connectivity, and high scalability. It opens many possibilities for a new generation of services driven by…
The fifth generation of wireless cellular networks (5G) is expected to be the infrastructure for emergency services, natural disasters rescue, public safety, and military communications. 5G, as any previous wireless cellular network, is…
In this paper, we address the issue of privacy in 5th generation (5G) driven Internet of Things (IoT) and related technologies while presenting a comparison with previous technologies for communication and unaddressed issues in 5G.…
Advances in fifth-generation (5G) networks enable unprecedented reliability, speed, and connectivity compared to previous mobile networks. These advancements can revolutionize various sectors by supporting applications requiring real-time…