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Testing Machine Learning (ML) models and AI-Infused Applications (AIIAs), or systems that contain ML models, is highly challenging. In addition to the challenges of testing classical software, it is acceptable and expected that statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 George Kour , Marcel Zalmanovici , Orna Raz , Samuel Ackerman , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Multiple-choice cloze questions are commonly used to assess linguistic proficiency and comprehension. However, generating high-quality distractors remains challenging, as existing methods often lack adaptability and control over difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Seokhoon Kang , Yejin Jeon , Seonjeong Hwang , Gary Geunbae Lee

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) form a generative modeling approach known for producing appealing samples, but they are notably difficult to train. One common way to tackle this issue has been to propose new formulations of the GAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Gauthier Gidel , Hugo Berard , Gaëtan Vignoud , Pascal Vincent , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Generating challenging instances is crucial for the evaluation and advancement of combinatorial optimization solvers. In this work, we introduce EALG (Evolutionary Adversarial Generation of Language Model-Guided Generators), a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ruibo Duan , Yuxin Liu , Xinyao Dong , Chenglin Fan

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) but are rare in real-world driving data. While simulation offers a way to generate such scenarios, manually designed test cases lack scalability, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zimu Gong , Brian Zhaoning Zhang , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Determining the completability of levels generated by procedural generators such as machine learning models can be challenging, as it can involve the use of solver agents that often require a significant amount of time to analyze and solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Mahsa Bazzaz , Seth Cooper

Most state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. As a consequence, adversarial robustness poses a significant challenge for the deployment of ML-based systems in safety- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Felix Assion , Peter Schlicht , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Fabian Hüger , Nico Schmidt , Umair Rasheed

We present a new autoencoder-type architecture that is trainable in an unsupervised mode, sustains both generation and inference, and has the quality of conditional and unconditional samples boosted by adversarial learning. Unlike previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Dmitry Ulyanov , Andrea Vedaldi , Victor Lempitsky

Recent advances in deep learning have significantly enhanced generative AI capabilities across text, images, and audio. However, automatically evaluating the quality of these generated outputs presents ongoing challenges. Although numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tian Lan , Yang-Hao Zhou , Zi-Ao Ma , Fanshu Sun , Rui-Qing Sun , Junyu Luo , Rong-Cheng Tu , Heyan Huang , Chen Xu , Zhijing Wu , Xian-Ling Mao

Today text classification models have been widely used. However, these classifiers are found to be easily fooled by adversarial examples. Fortunately, standard attacking methods generate adversarial texts in a pair-wise way, that is, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yankun Ren , Jianbin Lin , Siliang Tang , Jun Zhou , Shuang Yang , Yuan Qi , Xiang Ren

One of the most promising developments in computer vision in recent years is the use of generative neural networks for functionality condition-based 3D design reconstruction and generation. Here, neural networks learn dependencies between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Christoph Petroll , Sebastian Eilermann , Philipp Hoefer , Oliver Niggemann

Multi-modal data-sets are ubiquitous in modern applications, and multi-modal Variational Autoencoders are a popular family of models that aim to learn a joint representation of the different modalities. However, existing approaches suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mustapha Bounoua , Giulio Franzese , Pietro Michiardi

Levels are a key component of many different video games, and a large body of work has been produced on how to procedurally generate game levels. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to video game level generation towards…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Adam James Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Michael Mateas , Santiago Ontañón

Creating and evaluating games manually is an arduous and laborious task. Procedural content generation can aid by creating game artifacts, but usually not an entire game. Evolutionary game design, which combines evolutionary algorithms with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Lana Bertoldo Rossato , Leonardo Boaventura Bombardelli , Anderson Rocha Tavares

Large language models for code generation increasingly rely on synthetic data, where both problem solutions and verification tests are generated by models. While this enables scalable data creation, it introduces a previously unexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Srishti Gureja , Elena Tommasone , Jingyi He , Sara Hooker , Matthias Gallé , Marzieh Fadaee

Automatically adapting game content to players opens new doors for game development. In this paper we propose an architecture using persona agents and experience metrics, which enables evolving procedurally generated levels tailored for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Pedro M. Fernandes , Jonathan Jørgensen , Niels N. T. G. Poldervaart

Procedural content generation (PCG) is a growing field, with numerous applications in the video game industry and great potential to help create better games at a fraction of the cost of manual creation. However, much of the work in PCG is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Michael Beukman , Manuel Fokam , Marcel Kruger , Guy Axelrod , Muhammad Nasir , Branden Ingram , Benjamin Rosman , Steven James

Reward Modeling is critical in evaluating and improving the generation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While numerous recent works have shown its feasibility in improving safety, helpfulness, reasoning, and instruction-following ability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hanning Zhang , Juntong Song , Juno Zhu , Yuanhao Wu , Tong Zhang , Cheng Niu

Variational Autoencoders are powerful models for unsupervised learning. However deep models with several layers of dependent stochastic variables are difficult to train which limits the improvements obtained using these highly expressive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-30 Casper Kaae Sønderby , Tapani Raiko , Lars Maaløe , Søren Kaae Sønderby , Ole Winther

Recent progress in driving video generation has shown significant potential for enhancing self-driving systems by providing scalable and controllable training data. Although pretrained state-of-the-art generation models, guided by 2D layout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yishen Ji , Ziyue Zhu , Zhenxin Zhu , Kaixin Xiong , Ming Lu , Zhiqi Li , Lijun Zhou , Haiyang Sun , Bing Wang , Tong Lu