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Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning method that offers medical institutes the prospect of collaboration in a global model while preserving the privacy of their patients. Although most medical centers conduct similar medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Yousef Yeganeh , Azade Farshad , Johann Boschmann , Richard Gaus , Maximilian Frantzen , Nassir Navab

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Fine-tuning is essential to adapt general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks. As a privacy-preserving framework to leverage decentralized data for collaborative model training, Federated Learning (FL) is gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guohao Yang , Tongle Wu , Yuanxiong Guo , Ying Sun , Yanmin Gong

Robust machine learning (ML) models can be developed by leveraging large volumes of data and distributing the computational tasks across numerous devices or servers. Federated learning (FL) is a technique in the realm of ML that facilitates…

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach involving multiple clients collaboratively training a shared model. Such a system has the advantage of more training data from multiple clients, but data can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sone Kyaw Pye , Han Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized, privacy-preserving model training but struggles to balance global generalization and local personalization due to non-identical data distributions across clients. Personalized Fine-Tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Minghui Chen , Hrad Ghoukasian , Ruinan Jin , Zehua Wang , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Xiaoxiao Li

Recently, federated large language models (LLMs) have drawn significant attention thanks to coupled capabilities of LLMs and federated learning (FL) that address privacy concerns in collaborative fine-tuning. However, due to large-scale…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhiwen Pang , Kang Wei , Long Shi , Zhe Wang , Jun Li , Feng Shu

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) provides an effective paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in privacy-sensitive scenarios. However, practical deployment remains challenging due to the limited resources on end devices.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rukuo Li , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated their superiority and versatility in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP), effectively adapting to various downstream tasks through further fine-tuning. Federated Parameter-Efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

As a promising paradigm to collaboratively train models with decentralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can be exploited to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs correspond to huge size, the scale of the training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ji Liu , Jiaxiang Ren , Ruoming Jin , Zijie Zhang , Yang Zhou , Patrick Valduriez , Dejing Dou

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been widely adopted in vision tasks due to their strong transferability. In Federated Learning (FL), where full fine-tuning is communication heavy, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an efficient and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zihao Peng , Nan Zou , Jiandian Zeng , Guo Li , Ke Chen , Boyuan Li , Tian Wang

Foundation models open up new possibilities for the use of AI in healthcare. However, even when pre-trained on health data, they still need to be fine-tuned for specific downstream tasks. Furthermore, although foundation models reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Adam Tupper , Christian Gagné

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that preserves users' data privacy while leveraging the entire dataset of all participants. In FL, multiple models are trained independently on the clients and aggregated centrally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Amin Eslami Abyane , Derui Zhu , Roberto Souza , Lei Ma , Hadi Hemmati

Fine-tuning has become a popular approach to adapting large foundational models to specific tasks. As the size of models and datasets grows, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques are increasingly important. One of the most widely used…

Federated Learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative instruction tuning of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging massively distributed data. However, the decentralized nature of FL exacerbates data quality challenges, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yaxin Du , Rui Ye , Fengting Yuchi , Wanru Zhao , Jingjing Qu , Yanfeng Wang , Siheng Chen

Federated LoRA provides a communication-efficient mechanism for fine-tuning large language models on decentralized data. In practice, however, a discrepancy between the factor-wise averaging used to preserve low rank and the mathematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Haoran Zhang , Dongjun Kim , Seohyeon Cha , Haris Vikalo

Federated Learning (FL) seeks to distribute model training across local clients without collecting data in a centralized data-center, hence removing data-privacy concerns. A major challenge for FL is data heterogeneity (where each client's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Junjiao Tian , James Seale Smith , Zsolt Kira

Federated learning (FL) is a system in which a central aggregator coordinates the efforts of multiple clients to solve machine learning problems. This setting allows training data to be dispersed in order to protect privacy. The purpose of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Subrato Bharati , M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal , Prajoy Podder , V. B. Surya Prasath