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In this paper it is explained how one can construct non-selfdual 4-dimensional $\ell$-adic Galois representations of Hodge type $h^{3,0}=h^{2,1}=h^{1,2}=h^{0,3}=1$, assuming a hypothesis concerning the cohomology of a certain threefold. For…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jasper Scholten

We introduce the concept of a triangular representation of a Lie algebra, give a counterpart of Ado's theorem, and discuss $2$-irreducible triangular modules over a nonreductive Lie algebra.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-06-24 Keqin Liu

Variationality of the equation of conformal geodesics is an important problem in geometry with applications to general relativity. Recently it was proven that, in three dimensions, this system of equations for un-parametrized curves is the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-07 Boris Kruglikov

We review the recent approach to the construction of (3+1)-dimensional integrable dispersionless partial differential systems based on their contact Lax pairs and the related $R$-matrix theory for the Lie algebra of functions with respect…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2019-01-17 M. Blaszak , A. Sergyeyev

We prove a priori estimates for the three-dimensional compressible Euler equations with moving {\it physical} vacuum boundary, with an equation of state given by $p(\rho) = C_\gamma \rho^\gamma $ for $\gamma >1$. The vacuum condition…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Daniel Coutand , Hans Lindblad , Steve Shkoller

We develop the symbolic representation method to derive the hierarchies of $(2+1)$-dimensional integrable equations from the scalar Lax operators and to study their properties globally. The method applies to both commutative and…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-26 Jing Ping Wang

We consider 1+1 - dimensional non-homogeneous systems of hydrodynamic type that possess Lax representations with movable singularities. We present a construction, which provides a wide class of examples of such systems with arbitrary number…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-05 A. V. Odesskii , V. V. Sokolov

We classify the three-dimensional representations of the modular group that are reducible but indecomposable, and their associated spaces of holomorphic vector-valued modular forms. We then demonstrate how such representations may be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-17 Luca Candelori , Tucker Hartland , Christopher Marks , Diego Yepez

The 3-dimensional coherence matrix is interpreted by emphasising its invariance with respect to spatial rotations. Under these transformations, it naturally decomposes into a real symmetric positive definite matrix, interpreted as the…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. R. Dennis

Analogous to the famous Euler angle parametrization in three-dimensional Euclidean space, a reflection-free Lorentz transformation in (2+1)-dimensional Minkowski space can be decomposed into three simple parts. Applying this decomposition…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Leehwa Yeh

We utilize a three-dimensional manifold to solve Riemann Problems that arise from a system of two conservation laws with quadratic flux functions. Points in this manifold represent potential shock waves, hence its name wave manifold. This…

We consider the classical compressible Euler's Equations in three space dimensions with an arbitrary equation of state, and whose initial data corresponds to a constant state outside a sphere. Under suitable restriction on the size of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Demetrios Christodoulou , Shuang Miao

In this paper, we introduce the representation of modified $\lambda$-differential $3$-Lie algebras and define the cohomology of modified $\lambda$-differential $3$-Lie algebras with coefficients in a representation. As applications of the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Wen Teng , Hui Zhang

We provide new insights into the solvability property of an Hamiltonian involving of the fourth Painlev\'e transcendent and its derivatives. This Hamiltonian is third order shape invariant and can also be interpreted within the context of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Ian Marquette

Arnold pointed out that the Euler equation of incompressible ideal hydrodynamics describes geodesics on the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms. A simple analogue is the Euler equation for a rigid body, which is the geodesic equation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-06-02 S. G. Rajeev

In this article the Helmholtz-Weyl decomposition in three dimensional exterior domains is established within the $L^r$-setting for $1<p<\infty$.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Matthias Hieber , Hideo Kozono , Anton Seyfert , Senjo Shimizu , Taku Yanagisawa

The double-layer potential plays an important role in solving boundary value problems for elliptic equations, and in the study of which for a certain equation, the properties of the fundamental solutions of the given equation are used. All…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-04 Tuhtasin Ergashev

In this paper, we investigate the Euler-type integral representations for the generalized hypergeometric matrix function and develop some transformations in terms of hypergeometric matrix functions. Furthermore, unit and half arguments have…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Ankit Pal , Kiran Kumari

In space dimension $n\geq3$, we consider the electromagnetic Schr\"odinger Hamiltonian $H=(\nabla-iA(x))^2-V$ and the corresponding Helmholtz equation $(\nabla-iA(x))^2u+u-V(x)u=f \in \mathbb{R}^n$. We extend the well known $L^p$-$L^q$…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-11-04 Andoni Garcia

We continue here the study of Lax integrable equations. We consider four three-dimensional equations: (1) the rdDym equation $u_{ty} = u_x u_{xy} - u_y u_{xx}$, (2) the 3D Pavlov equation $u_{yy} = u_{tx} + u_y u_{xx} - u_x u_{xy}$; (3) the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2016-12-28 H. Baran , I. S. Krasil'shchik , O. I. Morozov , P. Vojcak