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Related papers: Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Events

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Triple difference designs have become increasingly popular in empirical economics. The advantage of a triple difference design is that, within a treatment group, it allows for another subgroup of the population -- potentially less impacted…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-04 Laura Caron

Empirical work often uses treatment assigned following geographic boundaries. When the effects of treatment cross over borders, classical difference-in-differences estimation produces biased estimates for the average treatment effect. In…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-06-13 Kyle Butts

State-level policy evaluations commonly employ a difference-in-differences (DID) study design; yet within this framework, statistical model specification varies notably across studies. Motivated by applied state-level opioid policy…

Difference-in-differences estimation is a widely used method of program evaluation. When treatment is implemented in different places at different times, researchers often use two-way fixed effects to control for location-specific and…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-25 Pamela Jakiela

Difference-in-differences (DID) is commonly used to estimate treatment effects but is infeasible in settings where data are unpoolable due to privacy concerns or legal restrictions on data sharing, particularly across jurisdictions. In this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-28 Sunny Karim , Matthew D. Webb , Nichole Austin , Erin Strumpf

Difference-in-Differences (DiD) is a widely used research design that often relies on a conditional parallel trends (CPT) assumption. In contrast to settings with unconfoundedness, where causal graphs provide powerful frameworks for…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-15 Michael C. Knaus , Henri Pfleiderer

This paper develops a difference-in-differences framework for staggered policy adoption when units can be affected by other units' adoption. For each treated cohort and event time, the framework separates the effect of own adoption, the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-15 Hayato Tagawa

Causal mediation analysis is a powerful tool for disentangling the total effect of a treatment into its direct effect on the outcome and its indirect effect mediated through an intermediate variable. However, in observational studies,…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-28 Yuhao Deng , Haoyu Wei , Zhongzhe Ouyang

Many policy evaluations involve vectors of category-specific quantities, either categorical outcomes (e.g., employment type, major choice) or compositional measures (e.g., GDP by sector, votes by party, electricity generation by source). In…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-19 Onil Boussim

The Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method is a fundamental tool for causal inference, yet its application is often complicated by missing data. Although recent work has developed robust DiD estimators for complex settings like staggered…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-27 Lorenzo Testa , Edward H. Kennedy , Matthew Reimherr

Difference-in-differences (DiD) identification relies mainly on a parallel trends assumption about untreated potential outcomes. Researchers often relax this assumption by assuming conditional parallel trends within units with the same…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Daniela Rodrigues , Laura A. Hatfield

Remarkable progress has been made in difference-in-differences (DID) approaches to causal inference that estimate the average effect of a treatment on the treated (ATT). Of these, the semiparametric DID (SDID) approach incorporates a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Takamichi Baba , Yoshiyuki Ninomiya

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) has been increasingly employed in health technology assessments (HTA). By reweighting subjects from a trial with individual participant data (IPD) to match the covariate summary statistics of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Yixin Fang , Weili He

We propose a nonlinear difference-in-differences method to estimate multivariate counterfactual distributions in classical treatment and control study designs with observational data. Our approach sheds a new light on existing approaches…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-11 William Torous , Florian Gunsilius , Philippe Rigollet

This paper explores the use of a fuzzy regression discontinuity design where multiple treatments are applied at the threshold. The identification results show that, under the very strong assumption that the change in the probability of…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-04-20 Hector Galindo-Silva , Nibene Habib Some , Guy Tchuente

Consider a general setting in which data on an outcome is collected in two `groups' at two time periods, with certain group-periods deemed `treated' and others `untreated'. A special case is the canonical Difference-in-Differences (DiD)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-15 Zach Shahn , Laura Hatfield

The common practice in difference-in-difference (DiD) designs is to check for parallel trends prior to treatment assignment, yet typical estimation and inference does not account for the fact that this test has occurred. I analyze the…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-05-03 Jonathan Roth

In randomized experiments, interactions between units might generate a treatment diffusion process. This is common when the treatment of interest is an actual object or product that can be shared among peers (e.g., flyers, booklets,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-17 Costanza Tortú , Irene Crimaldi , Fabrizia Mealli , Laura Forastiere

Difference-in-differences (DID) is one of the most widely used causal inference frameworks in observational studies. However, most existing DID methods are designed for binary treatments and cannot be readily applied to non-binary treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Siyu Heng , Yuan Huang , Hyunseung Kang

Staggered treatment adoption arises in the evaluation of policy impact and implementation in many settings, including both randomized stepped-wedge trials and non-randomized quasi-experiments with panel data. In both settings, getting an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Lee Kennedy-Shaffer