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Related papers: Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Events

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The difference-in-differences (DID) method identifies the average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) under mainly the so-called parallel trends (PT) assumption. The most common and widely used approach to justify the PT assumption is…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-08-23 Kyunghoon Ban , Désiré Kédagni

Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and Synthetic Control (SC) are widely used methods for causal inference in panel data, each with distinct strengths and limitations. We propose a novel method for short-panel causal inference that integrates…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-26 Yixiao Sun , Haitian Xie , Yuhang Zhang

This paper studies identification and estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) in difference-in-difference (DID) designs when the variable that classifies individuals into treatment and control groups (treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-05 Akanksha Negi , Digvijay Singh Negi

Difference-in-differences (DID) is a popular approach to identify the causal effects of treatments and policies in the presence of unmeasured confounding. DID identifies the sample average treatment effect in the treated (SATT). However, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Audrey Renson , Ellicott C. Matthay , Kara E. Rudolph

We formulate factorial difference-in-differences (FDID), a research design that extends canonical difference-in-differences (DID) to settings in which an event affects all units. In many panel data applications, researchers exploit…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Yiqing Xu , Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Researchers commonly use difference-in-differences (DiD) designs to evaluate public policy interventions. While methods exist for estimating effects in the context of binary interventions, policies often result in varied exposures across…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-07 Gary Hettinger , Youjin Lee , Nandita Mitra

We propose a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework designed for time-varying continuous treatments across multiple periods. Specifically, we estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) by comparing distinct non-zero…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-16 Michel F. C. Haddad , Martin Huber , José Eduardo Medina-Reyes , Lucas Z. Zhang

We combine two recently proposed nonparametric difference-in-differences methods, extending them to enable the examination of treatment effect heterogeneity in the staggered adoption setting using machine learning. The proposed method,…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-19 Julia Hatamyar , Noemi Kreif , Rudi Rocha , Martin Huber

This paper examines the identification and estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects in event studies, emphasizing the importance of both lagged dependent variables and treatment effect heterogeneity. We show that omitting lagged…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-18 Irene Botosaru , Laura Liu

In economic program evaluation, it is common to obtain panel data in which outcomes are indicators that an individual has reached an absorbing state. For example, they may indicate whether an individual has exited a period of unemployment,…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-26 Ben Deaner , Hyejin Ku

The difference-in-differences (DID) design is widely used in observational studies to estimate the causal effect of a treatment when repeated observations over time are available. Yet, almost all existing methods assume linearity in the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-29 Soichiro Yamauchi

Triple Differences (DDD) designs are widely used in empirical work to relax parallel trends assumptions in Difference-in-Differences (DiD) settings. This paper highlights that common DDD implementations -- such as taking the difference…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-21 Marcelo Ortiz-Villavicencio , Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna

We propose a new method for estimating causal effects in longitudinal/panel data settings that we call generalized difference-in-differences. Our approach unifies two alternative approaches in these settings: ignorability estimators (e.g.,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-12 Denis Agniel , Max Rubinstein , Jessie Coe , Maria DeYoreo

Difference-in-differences (DiD) is the most popular observational causal inference method in health policy, employed to evaluate the real-world impact of policies and programs. To estimate treatment effects, DiD relies on the "parallel…

Applications · Statistics 2024-08-09 Shuo Feng , Ishani Ganguli , Youjin Lee , John Poe , Andrew Ryan , Alyssa Bilinski

I propose an event study extension of Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDID) estimators. I show that, in simple and staggered adoption designs, estimators from Arkhangelsky et al. (2021) can be disaggregated into dynamic treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-04 Diego Ciccia

This paper extends difference-in-differences to settings with continuous treatments. Specifically, the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) at any level of treatment intensity is identified under a conditional parallel trends…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-05 Lucas Z. Zhang

We develop a new identification strategy for average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) in panel data with discrete outcomes. Standard difference-in-differences (DiD) relies on parallel trends, which is frequently violated in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-10 Young Ahn , Hiroyuki Kasahara

The renowned difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator relies on the assumption of 'parallel trends,' which does not hold in many practical applications. To address this issue, the econometrics literature has turned to the triple difference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-21 Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

We consider the identification of average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) in difference-in-differences (DiD) settings in the presence of endogenous sample selection. We first establish that the conventional DiD estimand generally…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-17 Gayani Rathnayake , Akanksha Negi , Otavio Bartalotti , Xueyan Zhao

A recent literature has shown that when adoption of a treatment is staggered and average treatment effects vary across groups and over time, difference-in-differences regression does not identify an easily interpretable measure of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-07-14 John Gardner