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Unobserved confounding is one of the main challenges when estimating causal effects. We propose a causal reduction method that, given a causal model, replaces an arbitrary number of possibly high-dimensional latent confounders with a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-24 Maximilian Ilse , Patrick Forré , Max Welling , Joris M. Mooij

Split-plot designs find wide applicability in multifactor experiments with randomization restrictions. Practical considerations often warrant the use of unbalanced designs. This paper investigates randomization based causal inference in…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-21 Rahul Mukerjee , Tirthankar Dasgupta

When making treatment selection decisions, it is essential to include a causal effect estimation analysis to compare potential outcomes under different treatments or controls, assisting in optimal selection. However, merely estimating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-08 Sherly Alfonso-Sánchez , Kristina P. Sendova , Cristián Bravo

Factor analysis is over a century old, but it is still problematic to choose the number of factors for a given data set. The scree test is popular but subjective. The best performing objective methods are recommended on the basis of…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-12 A. B. Owen , J. Wang

The fundamental challenge of drawing causal inference is that counterfactual outcomes are not fully observed for any unit. Furthermore, in observational studies, treatment assignment is likely to be confounded. Many statistical methods have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-01 Harsh Parikh , Carlos Varjao , Louise Xu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Causal inference is a vital aspect of multiple scientific disciplines and is routinely applied to high-impact applications such as medicine. However, evaluating the performance of causal inference methods in real-world environments is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Mathieu Chevalley , Yusuf Roohani , Arash Mehrjou , Jure Leskovec , Patrick Schwab

In industry, online randomized controlled experiment (a.k.a. A/B experiment) is a standard approach to measure the impact of a causal change. These experiments have small treatment effect to reduce the potential blast radius. As a result,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-29 Tanmoy Das , Dohyeon Lee , Arnab Sinha

Simulation-based calibration checking (SBC) is a practical method to validate computationally-derived posterior distributions or their approximations. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of SBC to alleviate several known problems. Our…

Across research disciplines, cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are commonly implemented to evaluate interventions delivered to groups of participants, such as communities and clinics. Despite advances in the design and analysis of CRTs,…

This paper presents a simple yet efficient method for statistical inference of tensor linear forms using incomplete and noisy observations. Under the Tucker low-rank tensor model and the missing-at-random assumption, we utilize an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Wanteng Ma , Dong Xia

Wearable Cognitive Assistance (WCA) applications present a challenge to benchmark and characterize due to their human-in-the-loop nature. Employing user testing to optimize system parameters is generally not feasible, given the scope of the…

In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Neil Menghani , Edward McFowland , Daniel B. Neill

N-of-1 experiments, where a unit serves as its own control and treatment in different time windows, have been used in certain medical contexts for decades. However, due to effects that accumulate over long time windows and interventions…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Tengyuan Liang , Benjamin Recht

The integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) method has become a widely utilized tool for researchers and practitioners seeking to perform approximate Bayesian inference across various fields of application. To address the growing…

Computation · Statistics 2023-11-15 Esmail Abdul-Fattah , Janet Van Niekerk , Haavard Rue

Data imputation has been extensively explored to solve the missing data problem. The dramatically increasing volume of incomplete data makes the imputation models computationally infeasible in many real-life applications. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Yangyang Wu , Jun Wang , Xiaoye Miao , Wenjia Wang , Jianwei Yin

Explanatory studies, such as randomized controlled trials, are targeted to extract the true causal effect of interventions on outcomes and are by design adjusted for covariates through randomization. On the contrary, observational studies…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-02 Riddhiman Adib , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed , Mohammad Adibuzzaman

In clinical trials, inferences on clinical outcomes are often made conditional on specific selective processes. For instance, only when a treatment demonstrates a significant effect on the primary outcome, further analysis is conducted to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Tianyu Pan , Vivek Charu , Ying Lu , Lu Tian

Causal inference is a critical research area with multi-disciplinary origins and applications, ranging from statistics, computer science, economics, psychology to public health. In many scientific research, randomized experiments provide a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-26 Jingying Zeng

While predictive accuracy is often prioritized in machine learning (ML) models, interpretability remains essential in scientific and high-stakes domains. However, diverse interpretability algorithms frequently yield conflicting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Antonio Jesús Banegas-Luna , Horacio Pérez-Sánchez , Carlos Martínez-Cortés

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) randomly assign an intervention to groups of individuals (e.g., clinics or communities) and measure outcomes on individuals in those groups. While offering many advantages, this experimental design…