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We present a conceptual framework that unifies a variety of evaluation metrics for different structured prediction tasks (e.g. event and relation extraction, syntactic and semantic parsing). Our framework requires representing the outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yunmo Chen , William Gantt , Tongfei Chen , Aaron Steven White , Benjamin Van Durme

Despite the rapid progress of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), their capabilities are inadequately assessed by existing benchmarks, which are predominantly English-centric, feature simplistic layouts, and support limited tasks. Consequently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ketong Chen , Yuhao Chen , Yang Xue

Information in industry, research, and the public sector is widely stored as rendered documents (e.g., PDF files, scans). Hence, to enable downstream tasks, systems are needed that map rendered documents onto a structured hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Johannes Rausch , Gentiana Rashiti , Maxim Gusev , Ce Zhang , Stefan Feuerriegel

Learned representations of scientific documents can serve as valuable input features for downstream tasks without further fine-tuning. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating these representations fail to capture the diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Amanpreet Singh , Mike D'Arcy , Arman Cohan , Doug Downey , Sergey Feldman

Understanding and extracting of information from large documents, such as business opportunities, academic articles, medical documents and technical reports, poses challenges not present in short documents. Such large documents may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

This paper introduces the DocILE benchmark with the largest dataset of business documents for the tasks of Key Information Localization and Extraction and Line Item Recognition. It contains 6.7k annotated business documents, 100k…

Multi-modal generative document parsing systems challenge traditional evaluation: unlike deterministic OCR or layout models, they often produce semantically correct yet structurally divergent outputs. Conventional metrics-CER, WER, IoU, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Renyu Li , Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Yao You , Kamil Pluciński , Maximilian Operlejn , Crag Wolfe

Document pair extraction aims to identify key and value entities as well as their relationships from visually-rich documents. Most existing methods divide it into two separate tasks: semantic entity recognition (SER) and relation extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zening Lin , Jiapeng Wang , Teng Li , Wenhui Liao , Dayi Huang , Longfei Xiong , Lianwen Jin

Evaluating whether Multimodal Large Language Models can produce trustworthy, verifiable reasoning over long, visually rich documents requires evaluation beyond end-to-end answer accuracy. We introduce DocScope, a benchmark that formulates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiang Feng , Jiawei Zhou , Zhangfeng Huang , Kewei Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jinxin Hu , Zulong Chen , Yong Luo , Jing Zhang

Keyphrase extraction is the task of extracting a small set of phrases that best describe a document. Most existing benchmark datasets for the task typically have limited numbers of annotated documents, making it challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Tuan Manh Lai , Trung Bui , Doo Soon Kim , Quan Hung Tran

Document similarity is the problem of estimating the degree to which a given pair of documents has similar semantic content. An accurate document similarity measure can improve several enterprise relevant tasks such as document clustering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Gaurav Maheshwari , Priyansh Trivedi , Harshita Sahijwani , Kunal Jha , Sourish Dasgupta , Jens Lehmann

Document-level Relation Extraction (DocRE) involves identifying relations between entities across multiple sentences in a document. Evidence sentences, crucial for precise entity pair relationships identification, enhance focus on essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Khai Phan Tran , Xue Li

We focus on electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), aiming to improve access and expand their utility, since more than 6 million are publicly available, and they constitute an important corpus to aid research and education across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Sampanna Yashwant Kahu , William A. Ingram , Edward A. Fox , Jian Wu

Structured text understanding on Visually Rich Documents (VRDs) is a crucial part of Document Intelligence. Due to the complexity of content and layout in VRDs, structured text understanding has been a challenging task. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yulin Li , Yuxi Qian , Yuchen Yu , Xiameng Qin , Chengquan Zhang , Yan Liu , Kun Yao , Junyu Han , Jingtuo Liu , Errui Ding

Automated multi-document extractive text summarization is a widely studied research problem in the field of natural language understanding. Such extractive mechanisms compute in some form the worthiness of a sentence to be included into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

Correctly parsing mathematical formulas from PDFs is critical for training large language models and building scientific knowledge bases from academic literature, yet existing benchmarks either exclude formulas entirely or lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Pius Horn , Janis Keuper

Document-level Relation Extraction (DocRE) aims to identify relationships between entity pairs within a document. However, most existing methods assume a uniform label distribution, resulting in suboptimal performance on real-world,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Khai Phan Tran , Wen Hua , Xue Li

Table of contents (ToC) extraction centres on structuring documents in a hierarchical manner. In this paper, we propose a new dataset, ESGDoc, comprising 1,093 ESG annual reports from 563 companies spanning from 2001 to 2022. These reports…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Xinyu Wang , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Document image segmentation is crucial for document analysis and recognition but remains challenging due to the diversity of document formats and segmentation tasks. Existing methods often address these tasks separately, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xiao-Hui Li , Fei Yin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Language models (LMs) are increasingly being integrated into a wide range of applications, yet the modern evaluation paradigm does not sufficiently reflect how they are actually being used. Current evaluations rely on benchmarks that often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Aryan Shrivastava , Paula Akemi Aoyagui