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We show that as a side effect of building code requirements, almost all commercial buildings today are vulnerable to a novel data exfiltration attack, even if they are air-gapped and secured against traditional attacks. The new attack uses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Anku Adhikari , Samuel Guo , Paris Smaragdis , Marianne Winslett

We show that subtle acoustic noises emanating from within computer screens can be used to detect the content displayed on the screens. This sound can be picked up by ordinary microphones built into webcams or screens, and is inadvertently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Daniel Genkin , Mihir Pattani , Roei Schuster , Eran Tromer

New security and privacy concerns arise due to the growing popularity of voice assistant (VA) deployments in home and enterprise networks. A number of past research results have demonstrated how malicious actors can use hidden commands to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Zhengxian He , Mohit Narayan Rajput , Mustaque Ahamad

This paper studies leakage of user passwords and PINs based on observations of typing feedback on screens or from projectors in the form of masked characters that indicate keystrokes. To this end, we developed an attack called Password and…

People often listen to music in noisy environments, seeking to isolate themselves from ambient sounds. Indeed, a music signal can mask some of the noise's frequency components due to the effect of simultaneous masking. In this article, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Clémentine Berger , Roland Badeau , Slim Essid

Wireless radio channels are known to contain information about the surrounding propagation environment, which can be extracted using established wireless sensing methods. Thus, today's ubiquitous wireless devices are attractive targets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Paul Staat , Simon Mulzer , Stefan Roth , Veelasha Moonsamy , Markus Heinrichs , Rainer Kronberger , Aydin Sezgin , Christof Paar

This paper presents Packet Chasing, an attack on the network that does not require access to the network, and works regardless of the privilege level of the process receiving the packets. A spy process can easily probe and discover the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Mohammadkazem Taram , Ashish Venkat , Dean Tullsen

Side-channel information leakage is a known limitation of SGX. Researchers have demonstrated that secret-dependent information can be extracted from enclave execution through page-fault access patterns. Consequently, various recent research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Ferdinand Brasser , Urs Müller , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or

Side-channel attacks exploit variations in non-functional behaviors to expose sensitive information across security boundaries. Existing methods leverage side-channels based on power consumption, electromagnetic radiation, silicon substrate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sahan Sanjaya , Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra

It is possible to manipulate the headphones (or earphones) connected to a computer, silently turning them into a pair of eavesdropping microphones - with software alone. The same is also true for some types of loudspeakers. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Mordechai Guri , Yosef Solewicz , Andrey Daidakulov , Yuval Elovici

Side-channel attacks, which are capable of breaking secrecy via side-channel information, pose a growing threat to the implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Masking is an effective countermeasure against side-channel attacks by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Pengfei Gao , Hongyi Xie , Fu Song , Taolue Chen

Audio CAPTCHAs are supposed to provide a strong defense for online resources; however, advances in speech-to-text mechanisms have rendered these defenses ineffective. Audio CAPTCHAs cannot simply be abandoned, as they are specifically named…

Smartphone motion sensors provide a concealed mechanism for eavesdropping on acoustic information, like touchtones, emitted by a device. Eavesdropping on touchtones exposes credit card information, banking pins, and social security card…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Connor Bolton , Yan Long , Jun Han , Josiah Hester , Kevin Fu

Screaming-channel attacks enable Electromagnetic (EM) Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) at larger distances due to higher EM leakage energies than traditional SCAs, relaxing the requirement of close access to the victim. This attack can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Jeremy Guillaume , Maxime Pelcat , Amor Nafkha , Ruben Salvador

Cryptographic research takes software timing side channels seriously. Approaches to mitigate them include constant-time coding and techniques to enforce such practices. However, recent attacks like Meltdown [42], Spectre [37], and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Martin Dunsche , Patrick Bastian , Marcel Maehren , Nurullah Erinola , Robert Merget , Nicolai Bissantz , Holger Dette , Jörg Schwenk

Cryptography is the study of securing information. It is the physical process that scrambles the information by rearrangement and substitution of content, so that it becomes difficult for anyone to understand. In today's world, security has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Aadhitya A

Air-gapped computers are computers which are kept isolated from the Internet, because they store and process sensitive information. When highly sensitive data is involved, an air-gapped computer might also be kept secluded in a Faraday…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Mordechai Guri , Boris Zadov , Andrey Daidakulov , Yuval Elovici

The drive to create thinner, lighter, and more energy efficient devices has resulted in modern SoCs being forced to balance a delicate tradeoff between power consumption, heat dissipation, and execution speed (i.e., frequency). While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Hritvik Taneja , Jason Kim , Jie Jeff Xu , Stephan van Schaik , Daniel Genkin , Yuval Yarom

Side-channel attacks consist of retrieving internal data from a victim system by analyzing its leakage, which usually requires proximity to the victim in the range of a few millimetres. Screaming channels are EM side channels transmitted at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jeremy Guillaume , Maxime Pelcat , Amor Nafkha , Rubén Salvador