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The Kibble balance is a precision instrument for realizing the mass unit, the kilogram, in the new international system of units (SI). In recent years, an important trend for Kibble balance experiments is to go tabletop, in which the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-04-24 Shisong Li , Yongchao Ma , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Xinjie Yu

With the adoption of the revised International System of Units (SI), the Kibble balance has become a pivotal instrument for mass calibrations against the Planck constant, $h$. One of the major focuses in the Kibble balance community is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-12-18 Shisong Li , Yongchao Ma , Kang Ma , Weibo Liu , Nanjia Li , Xiaohu Liu , Lisha Peng , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Xinjie Yu

The magnet-moving measurement scheme in Kibble balances avoids displacing force-sensitive components, such as the weighing cell, and enables a broader magnetic profile measurement range during the velocity phase. However, this mechanism…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-01 Yongchao Ma , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Shisong Li

The magnet system is an essential component of the Kibble balance, a device that is used to realize the unit of mass. It is the source of the magnetic flux, and its importance is captured in the geometric factor $Bl$. Ironically, the $Bl$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-03-14 Shisong Li , Stephan Schlamminger

Tabletop version Kibble balances are a significant developing trend for mass realizations following the revised International System of Units. A key innovation through the miniaturization of the Kibble balance from a large-scale instrument…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-27 Shisong Li , Nanjia Li , Weibo Liu , Elsayed E. E. Qupasie , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang

The Kibble balance realizes the kilogram by linking mechanical and electrical quantities via a magnet system. In an improved BIPM-type magnet design by Tsinghua University, an open/close surface was incorporated, facilitating operation.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-07 Nanjia Li , Weibo Liu , Yongchao Ma , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Shisong Li

This paper presents recent advances in the KBmini Kibble balance, a tabletop system for E2-accuracy mass calibration up to 1 kg. The $Bl(z)$ profile is characterized by manually setting the magnet at different vertical positions, and the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-07 Nanjia Li , Weibo Liu , Kang Ma , Elsayed E. E. Qupasie , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Shisong Li

The Kibble balance has become one of the major instruments for realizing the mass unit, the kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). Researchers at about a dozen national metrology institutes are actively working with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-09 Shisong Li , Stephan Schlamminger

A high-precision current source, capable of supporting weighing measurements with a relative uncertainty at the $10^{-9}$ level, is essential for Kibble balance experiments. However, most current sources utilized in Kibble balances to date…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-08-30 Kang Ma , Xiaohu Liu , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang , Shisong Li

This paper reports on the status of the Tsinghua tabletop Kibble balance experiment, aiming to deliver a mass calibration instrument for kilogram realizations in accordance with the new International System of Units (SI). Major progress…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-28 Shisong Li , Weibo Liu , Nanjia Li , Elsayed E. E. Qupasie , Yongchao Ma , Kang Ma , Wei Zhao , Lisha Peng , Songling Huang , Xinjie Yu

The design of the permanent magnet system for the new Quantum Electro-Mechanical Metrology Suite (QEMMS) is described. The QEMMS, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), consists of a Kibble balance, a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-12-30 Rafael R. Marangoni , Darine Haddad , Frank Seifert , Leon S. Chao , David B. Newell , Stephan Schlamminger

Permanent magnets together with yokes to concentrate the magnetic flux into a cylindrical air-gap are widely employed in Kibble balances. These experiments require a uniform magnetic flux density along a vertical path, typically a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-03-10 Shisong Li , Stephan Schlamminger , Qing Wang

The watt balance is an experiment being pursued in national metrology institutes for precision determination of the Planck constant $h$. In watt balances, the $1/r$ magnetic field, expected to generate a geometrical factor $Bl$ independent…

Classical Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Shisong Li , Wei Zhao , Songling Huang

Yoke-based permanent magnetic circuits are widely used in Kibble balance experiments. In these magnetic systems, the coil current, with positive and negative signs in two steps of the weighing measurement, can cause an additional magnetic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-12-18 Shisong Li , Franck Bielsa , Michael Stock , Adrien Kiss , Hao Fang

The UME Kibble balance project was initiated at the second half of 2014. During this period we have studied the theoretical aspects of Kibble balances in which an oscillating magnet generates AC Faraday voltage in a stationary coil and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-04-18 H Ahmedov , N Babayigit Askin , B Korutlu , R Orhan

A tabletop-sized Kibble balance (KIBB-g1) designed to directly realize mass at the gram-level range with uncertainties on the order of parts in 10$^6$ has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-24 Leon Chao , Frank Seifert , Darine Haddad , Jon Pratt , David Newell , Stephan Schlamminger

The ``Quantum Electro-Mechanical Metrology Suite'' (QEMMS) is being designed and built at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It includes a Kibble balance, a Graphene quantum Hall resistance array and a Josephson voltage…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-27 Lorenz Keck , Frank Seifert , David Newell , Stephan Schlamminger , Rene Thesk , Darine Haddad

Micro-magnets are key components for quantum information processing with individual spins, enabling arbitrary rotations and addressability. In this work, characterization of sub-micrometer sized CoFe ferromagnets is performed with Hall bars…

We studied the anelastic aftereffect of a flexure being used in a Kibble balance, where the flexure is subjected to a large excursion in velocity mode after which a high-precision force comparison is performed. We investigated the effect of…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Lorenz Keck , Stephan Schlamminger , René Theska , Frank Seifert , Darine Haddad

Design and operational performance of table-top measurement apparatus is presented towards direct Planck constant traceable high accuracy and high precision small forces and optical power measurements within SI unit system. An…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-17 Suren Vasilyan , Thomas Fröhlich , Norbert Rogge
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