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Neural activity fluctuates over a wide range of timescales within and across brain areas. Experimental observations suggest that diverse neural timescales reflect information in dynamic environments. However, how timescales are defined and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Roxana Zeraati , Anna Levina , Jakob H. Macke , Richard Gao

Predictive coding offers a potentially unifying account of cortical function -- postulating that the core function of the brain is to minimize prediction errors with respect to a generative model of the world. The theory is closely related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Beren Millidge , Anil Seth , Christopher L Buckley

Complex networks theory has commonly been used for modelling and understanding the interactions taking place between the elements composing complex systems. More recently, the use of generative models has gained momentum, as they allow…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-05-19 Massimiliano Zanin , Marco Correia , Pedro A. C. Sousa , Jorge Cruz

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a method based on the training of two neural networks, one called generator and the other discriminator, competing with each other to generate new instances that resemble those of the probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jordi de la Torre

Neural networks with equal excitatory and inhibitory feedback show high computational performance. They operate close to a critical point characterized by the joint activation of large populations of neurons. Yet, in macaque motor cortex we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-08-13 David Dahmen , Sonja Grün , Markus Diesmann , Moritz Helias

I discuss a seemingly unlikely confluence of topics in algebra, numerical computation, and computer vision. The motivating problem is that of solving multiples instances of a parametric family of systems of algebraic (polynomial or rational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Timothy Duff

Recent experimental advances in neuroscience have opened new vistas into the immense complexity of neuronal networks. This proliferation of data challenges us on two parallel fronts. First, how can we form adequate theoretical frameworks…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-12 Madhu Advani , Subhaneil Lahiri , Surya Ganguli

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have known a tremendous success for many continuous generation tasks, especially in the field of image generation. However, for discrete outputs such as language, optimizing GANs remains an open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Sylvain Lamprier , Thomas Scialom , Antoine Chaffin , Vincent Claveau , Ewa Kijak , Jacopo Staiano , Benjamin Piwowarski

We introduce the Probabilistic Generative Adversarial Network (PGAN), a new GAN variant based on a new kind of objective function. The central idea is to integrate a probabilistic model (a Gaussian Mixture Model, in our case) into the GAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Hamid Eghbal-zadeh , Gerhard Widmer

Probabilistic verification problems of neural networks are concerned with formally analysing the output distribution of a neural network under a probability distribution of the inputs. Examples of probabilistic verification problems include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 David Boetius , Stefan Leue , Tobias Sutter

When a Genetic Algorithm (GA), or a stochastic algorithm in general, is employed in a statistical problem, the obtained result is affected by both variability due to sampling, that refers to the fact that only a sample is observed, and…

Computation · Statistics 2019-03-07 Manuel Rizzo , Francesco Battaglia

The fundamental, powerful process of computation in the brain has been widely misunderstood. The paper [1] associates the general failure to build intelligent thinking machines with current reductionist principles of temporal coding and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-10-09 Dorian Aur

Probabilistic techniques are central to data analysis, but different approaches can be difficult to apply, combine, and compare. This paper introduces composable generative population models (CGPMs), a computational abstraction that extends…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-19 Feras Saad , Vikash Mansinghka

Estimating the parameters of probabilistic models of language such as maxent models and probabilistic neural models is computationally difficult since it involves evaluating partition functions by summing over an entire vocabulary, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-31 Chris Dyer

We propose a probabilistic framework for developing computational models of biological neural systems. In this framework, physiological recordings are viewed as discrete-time partial observations of an underlying continuous-time stochastic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Ahmed ElGazzar , Marcel van Gerven

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

What fundamental research questions are essential for advancing toward brain-inspired AI or AGI capable of performing any intellectual task a human can? We believe the key question today is the relationship between cognition and computation…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-01 Lin Chen

An assembly is a large population of neurons whose synchronous firing is hypothesized to represent a memory, concept, word, and other cognitive categories. Assemblies are believed to provide a bridge between high-level cognitive phenomena…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Max Dabagia , Christos H. Papadimitriou , Santosh S. Vempala

General results from statistical learning theory suggest to understand not only brain computations, but also brain plasticity as probabilistic inference. But a model for that has been missing. We propose that inherently stochastic features…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-17 David Kappel , Stefan Habenschuss , Robert Legenstein , Wolfgang Maass

As autonomous agents become more ubiquitous, they will eventually have to reason about the plans of other agents, which is known as theory of mind reasoning. We develop a planning-as-inference framework in which agents perform nested…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Iris Rubi Seaman , Jan-Willem van de Meent , David Wingate