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Related papers: How does the brain compute with probabilities?

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Generative concept representations have three major advantages over discriminative ones: they can represent uncertainty, they support integration of learning and reasoning, and they are good for unsupervised and semi-supervised learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Daniel T. Chang

A large amount of recent research has the far-reaching goal of finding training methods for deep neural networks that can serve as alternatives to backpropagation (BP). A prominent example is predictive coding (PC), which is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Luca Pinchetti , Tommaso Salvatori , Yordan Yordanov , Beren Millidge , Yuhang Song , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Predictive coding (PC) is an influential computational model of visual learning and inference in the brain. Classical PC was proposed as a top-down generative model, where the brain actively predicts upcoming visual inputs, and inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Gaspard Oliviers , Mufeng Tang , Rafal Bogacz

Considering a probability distribution over parameters is known as an efficient strategy to learn a neural network with non-differentiable activation functions. We study the expectation of a probabilistic neural network as a predictor by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Louis Fortier-Dubois , Gaël Letarte , Benjamin Leblanc , François Laviolette , Pascal Germain

Probabilistic inference offers a principled framework for understanding both behaviour and cortical computation. However, two basic and ubiquitous properties of cortical responses seem difficult to reconcile with probabilistic inference:…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-01-03 Laurence Aitchison , Máté Lengyel

Language decoding studies have identified word representations which can be used to predict brain activity in response to novel words and sentences (Anderson et al., 2016; Pereira et al., 2018). The unspoken assumption of these studies is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Jon Gauthier , Anna Ivanova

Motivated by the interaction between cells, the recently introduced concept of Neural Cellular Automata shows promising results in a variety of tasks. So far, this concept was mostly used to generate images for a single scenario. As each…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Maximilian Otte , Quentin Delfosse , Johannes Czech , Kristian Kersting

The traditional view of neural computation in the cerebral cortex holds that sensory neurons are specialized, i.e., selective for certain dimensions of sensory stimuli. This view was challenged by evidence of contextual interactions between…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-26 Sergei Gepshtein , Ambarish Pawar , Sunwoo Kwon , Sergey Savel'ev , Thomas D. Albright

The Bayesian brain hypothesis has been a leading theory in understanding perceptual decision-making under uncertainty. While extensive psychophysical evidence supports the notion of the brain performing Bayesian computations, how…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-05 Po-Chen Kuo , Edgar Y. Walker

We present probabilistic neural programs, a framework for program induction that permits flexible specification of both a computational model and inference algorithm while simultaneously enabling the use of deep neural networks.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Kenton W. Murray , Jayant Krishnamurthy

In this article, we review a class of neuro-mimetic computational models that we place under the label of spiking predictive coding. Specifically, we review the general framework of predictive processing in the context of neurons that emit…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Antony W. N'dri , William Gebhardt , Céline Teulière , Fleur Zeldenrust , Rajesh P. N. Rao , Jochen Triesch , Alexander Ororbia

We continue to explore the hypothesis that neuronal populations represent and process analog variables in terms of probability density functions (PDFs). A neural assembly encoding the joint probability density over relevant analog variables…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 M. J. Barber , J. W. Clark , C. H. Anderson

The idea that the brain is a probabilistic (Bayesian) inference machine, continuously trying to figure out the hidden causes of its inputs, has become very influential in cognitive (neuro)science over recent decades. Here I present a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-15 Eelke Spaak

Neural networks are powerful tools for cognitive modeling due to their flexibility and emergent properties. However, interpreting their learned representations remains challenging due to their sub-symbolic semantics. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Andrew Nam , Declan Campbell , Thomas Griffiths , Jonathan Cohen , Sarah-Jane Leslie

Advancing our knowledge of how the brain processes information remains a key challenge in neuroscience. This thesis combines three different approaches to the study of the dynamics of neural networks and their encoding representations: a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-21 Guillermo B. Morales

The central problem with understanding brain and mind is the neural code issue: understanding the matter of our brain as basis for the phenomena of our mind. The richness with which our mind represents our environment, the parsimony of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-06 Christoph von der Malsburg

Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are generative neural networks which can be trained to implicitly model the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Malte Probst

Sequential neuronal activity underlies a wide range of processes in the brain. Neuroscientific evidence for neuronal sequences has been reported in domains as diverse as perception, motor control, speech, spatial navigation and memory.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-04-03 Sascha Frölich , Dimitrije Marković , Stefan J. Kiebel

Top-down feedback in cortex is critical for guiding sensory processing, which has prominently been formalized in the theory of hierarchical predictive coding (hPC). However, experimental evidence for error units, which are central to the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-23 Fabian A. Mikulasch , Lucas Rudelt , Michael Wibral , Viola Priesemann

One of the most fundamental questions in Biology or Artificial Intelligence is how the human brain performs mathematical functions. How does a neural architecture that may organise itself mostly through statistics, know what to do? One…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Kieran Greer