Related papers: The First Zagreb Index Conditions for Some Hamilto…

The authors Mili$\breve{c}$evi$\acute{c}$ et al. introduced the reformulated Zagreb indices, which is a generalization of classical Zagreb indices of chemical graph theory. In the paper, we characterize the extremal properties of the first…

Let $G$ be a graph of genus $g$ with boundary $\delta\Omega$. For $g=0$, Lin and Zhao [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 112 (2025), Paper No. e70238] proved an upper bound for the first (non-trivial) Steklov eigenvalue of $(G, \delta\Omega )$, and they…

Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). The first generalized multiplicative Zagreb index of G is M_1(G) and the second multiplicative Zagreb index is M_2(G). The multiplicative Zagreb indices have been the focus of…

For a simple graph, we introduce a notion of the star sequence and prove that the star sequence and the frequently sequences of a graph are inverses of each other from a combinatorial point of view. As a consequence, we express the general…

The revised Szeged index of a graph $G$ is defined as $Sz^*(G)=\sum_{e=uv \in E}(n_u(e)+ n_0(e)/2)(n_v(e)+ n_0(e)/2),$ where $n_u(e)$ and $n_v(e)$ are, respectively, the number of vertices of $G$ lying closer to vertex $u$ than to vertex…

We consider topological indices I that are sums of f(deg(u)) f(deg(v)), where {u,v} are adjacent vertices and f is a function. The Randi{\'c} connectivity index or the Zagreb group index are examples for indices of this kind. In earlier…

In this paper, we focus on comparing the first and second Zagreb-Fermat eccentricity indices of graphs. We show that $$\frac{\sum_{uv\in E\left( G \right)}{\varepsilon_3\left( u \right) \varepsilon_3\left( v \right)}}{m\left( G \right)}…

Xu in 2011 determined the largest value of the second Zagreb index in an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with clique number $k$, and also the smallest value with the additional assumption that $G$ is connected. We extend these results to other…

In this paper, we investigate The relationship between the Albertson index and the first Zagreb index for trees. For a tree $T=(V,E)$ with $n=|V|$ vertices and $m=|E|$ edges, we provide several bounds and exact formulas for these two…

The first multiplicative Zagreb index $\Pi_1$ of a graph $G$ is the product of the square of every vertex degree, while the second multiplicative Zagreb index $\Pi_2$ is the product of the products of degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices.…

Continuing the recent work of L. Zhong and K. Xu [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem.71(2014) 627-642], we determine inequalities among several vertex-degree-based topological indices; first geometric-arithmetic index(GA), augmented Zagreb…

The F-index of a graph is defined as the sum of cubes of the vertex degrees of the graph which was introduced in 1972, in the same paper where the first and second Zagreb indices were introduced. In this paper we study the F-index of four…

The Szeged index of a graph is an invariant with several applications in chemistry. The power graph of a finite group $G$ is a graph having vertex set as $G$ in which two vertices $u$ and $v$ are adjacent if $v=u^m$ or $u=v^n$ for some…

{\small The Wiener index $W(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. The Szeged index $Sz(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as $Sz(G)=\sum_{e=uv \in E}n_u(e)n_v(e)$ where $n_u(e)$ and $n_v(e)$…

In this article, we investigate the Zagreb index, a kind of graph-based topological index, of several random networks, including a class of networks extended from random recursive trees, plain-oriented recursive trees, and random…

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite simple graph. The Graovac-Ghorbani index of a graph G is defined as $ABC_{GG}(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{\frac{n_u(uv,G)+n_v(uv,G)-2}{n_u(uv,G)n_v(uv,G)}},$ where $n_u(uv,G)$ is the number of vertices closer to…

Many existing degree based topological indices can be classified as bond incident degree (BID) indices, whose general form is $BID(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}$ $\Psi(d_{u},d_{v})$, where $uv$ is the edge connecting the vertices $u,v$ of the graph…

This paper establishes sharp bounds for the vulnerability measures of closeness and generalized closeness in graphs and identifies graphs that attain these bounds. It further develops bounds incorporating Zagreb indices for triangle- and…

For a graph $G$, the first multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_1$ is equal to the product of squares of the vertex degrees, and the second multiplicative Zagreb index $\prod_2$ is equal to the product of the products of degrees of pairs of…

The status of a vertex $u$ in a connected graph $G$, denoted by $\sigma_G(u)$, is defined as the sum of the distances between $u$ and all other vertices of a graph $G$. The first and second status connectivity indices of a graph $G$ are…