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Language agents, built on top of language models (LMs), are systems that can interact with complex environments, such as the open web. In this work, we examine whether such agents can perform realistic and time-consuming tasks on the web,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ori Yoran , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Chaitanya Malaviya , Ben Bogin , Ofir Press , Jonathan Berant

AI has proven highly successful at urban planning analysis -- learning patterns from data to predict future conditions. The next frontier is AI-assisted decision-making: agents that recommend sites, allocate resources, and evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Sijie Yang , Jiatong Li , Filip Biljecki

Agents aspire to eliminate the need for task-specific prompt crafting through autonomous reason-act-observe loops. Still, they are commonly instructed to follow a task-specific plan for guidance, e.g., to resolve software issues following…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shuyang Liu , Saman Dehghan , Jatin Ganhotra , Martin Hirzel , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Recently, Agentic AI has become an increasingly popular research field. However, we argue that current agent research practices lack standardization and scientific rigor, making it hard to conduct fair comparisons among methods. As a…

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Spatial transcriptomics assays are rapidly increasing in scale and complexity, making computational analysis a major bottleneck in biological discovery. Although frontier AI agents have improved dramatically at software engineering and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kenny Workman , Zhen Yang , Harihara Muralidharan , Hannah Le

Repository-level code agents have shown strong promise in real-world feature addition tasks, making reliable evaluation of their capabilities increasingly important. However, existing benchmarks primarily evaluate these agents as black…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuhan Liu , Zhiyi Zhao , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xiaohu Yang , Xin Xia

Mobile GUI Agents, AI agents capable of interacting with mobile applications on behalf of users, have the potential to transform human computer interaction. However, current evaluation practices for GUI agents face two fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Youngmin Im , Byeongung Jo , Jaeyoung Wi , Seungwoo Baek , Tae Hoon Min , Joo Hyung Lee , Sangeun Oh , Insik Shin , Sunjae Lee

Assessing the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to plan and reason within the constraints of interactive environments is crucial for developing capable AI agents. We introduce $\textbf{LLM-BabyBench}$, a new benchmark suite designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Omar Choukrani , Idriss Malek , Daniil Orel , Zhuohan Xie , Zangir Iklassov , Martin Takáč , Salem Lahlou

Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for next-generation AI, but their limited reasoning in uncertain, dynamic web environments hinders robust deployment. In this paper, we identify key reasoning skills essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Minda Hu , Tianqing Fang , Jianshu Zhang , Junyu Ma , Zhisong Zhang , Jingyan Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Irwin King

Grounding is the collaborative process of establishing mutual belief sufficient for a communicative goal. While static grounding maps language to a shared context, dynamic grounding requires agents to negotiate meaning across turns. Current…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiheng Yao , Chelsea Zou , Robert D. Hawkins

With advances in generative AI, there is now potential for autonomous agents to manage daily tasks via natural language commands. However, current agents are primarily created and tested in simplified synthetic environments, leading to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shuyan Zhou , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Xuhui Zhou , Robert Lo , Abishek Sridhar , Xianyi Cheng , Tianyue Ou , Yonatan Bisk , Daniel Fried , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

Language agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in automating web-based tasks. Recent work has shown that incorporating advanced planning algorithms, e.g., tree search, is advantageous over reactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Gu , Kai Zhang , Yuting Ning , Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Tianci Xue , Cheng Chang , Sanjari Srivastava , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Huan Sun , Yu Su

As language model agents are applied to real world problems of increasing complexity, they will be expected to formulate plans across large search spaces. If those plans fail for reasons beyond their control, how well do language agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Andrew Wang , Sophia Hager , Adi Asija , Daniel Khashabi , Nicholas Andrews

Autonomous planning has been an ongoing pursuit since the inception of artificial intelligence. Based on curated problem solvers, early planning agents could deliver precise solutions for specific tasks but lacked generalization. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jian Xie , Kexun Zhang , Jiangjie Chen , Siyu Yuan , Kai Zhang , Yikai Zhang , Lei Li , Yanghua Xiao

The bottleneck of useful agentic intelligence has shifted from compressing world knowledge into a single model to executing a coordinated system. This position paper argues that personal-agent architecture must move to the edge because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chunlin Tian , Dongqi Cai , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas D. Lane

The improvement of web agents on current benchmarks raises the question: Do today's agents perform just as well when the web changes? We introduce TimeWarp, a benchmark that emulates the evolving web using containerized environments that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Md Farhan Ishmam , Kenneth Marino

Web agents, like OpenAI's Operator and Google's Project Mariner, are powerful agentic systems pushing the boundaries of Large Language Models (LLM). They can autonomously interact with the internet at the user's behest, such as navigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Lars Krupp , Daniel Geißler , Vishal Banwari , Paul Lukowicz , Jakob Karolus